Lumbar Air Encephalography in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Controlled Experiment

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (483) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Controlled Experiment ◽  
First Report ◽  
Observer Error ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Air Encephalography ◽  
Normal Controls

The lumbar air encephalogram (L.A.E.G.) was introduced by Dandy in 1919, and in 1929 the first report of its use in schizophrenia was published by Jacobi and Winkler. Since then numerous papers have appeared, most of which have claimed to demonstrate cerebral atrophy in chronic schizophrenic patients. All these studies have suffered from the fact that no adequate series of normal controls has yet been collected. Most of the authors concerned made no attempt to use controls, nor did they consider the possibility of observer error or of the bias which may exist when the reporting radiologist knows the diagnosis and is looking for abnormalities.

Negative Features, Retrieval Processes and Verbal Fluency in Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi A. Allen ◽  
Peter F. Liddle ◽  
Christopher D. Frith
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Normal Controls

Twenty chronic schizophrenic patients, ten matched normal controls and nine depressed controls performed categorical verbal fluency tasks for three minutes each on five separate occasions. On each occasion the schizophrenic patients generated significantly fewer words than the controls. Comparison of the different occasions showed that the schizophrenic patients had as many words available in their inner lexicons but were inefficient in retrieving them. The schizophrenic patients also generated fewer clusters of related words and more words outside the specified category. Reduced ability to generate words while the lexicon remained intact was more marked in patients with negative features. Patients with incoherence, in contrast, were more likely to produce inappropriate words. We propose that both poverty of speech and incoherence of speech reflect problems in the retrieval of words from the lexicon. To cope with these problems patients with poverty of speech terminate their search prematurely while the patients with incoherence commit errors in selecting words for output.

The Positive Correlation between Insulin Resistance and Duration of Hospitalization in Untreated Schizophrenia

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner H. Schimmelbusch ◽  
Peter S. Mueller ◽  
Jack Sheps
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Various abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenic patients in response to injected insulin. Thomaset al.(22), Harris (8), Freemanet al.(7), Mayer-Gross (10), and Bracelandet al.(4) have shown a delayed or decreased response of blood glucose to insulin in schizophrenic patients. Meduna and McCulloch (11) observed that those schizophrenic patients who suffered from confusion and clouding of the sensorium particularly displayed a delayed or decreased response to injected insulin as well as a urinary hyperglycaemic factor and decreased tolerance to oral and intravenous glucose. Subsequent studies by Mueller (12, 13) demonstrated a rise or lack of fall in the plasma free fatty acids (FFA) following the administration of insulin intramuscularly or intravenously in chronic schizophrenic patients. Van Sickleet al.(23) confirmed these findings of insulin resistance in chronic schizophrenia and noted that this low FFA response was neither related to an abnormal release of, nor response to, epinephrine.

Laterality of visuo-spatial attention in acute and chronic schizophrenia, major depression and in healthy controls

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
A. Rogers ◽  
S. M. Lawrie ◽  
C. Murray ◽  
M. Van Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Two Measures

SYNOPSISPrevious studies have suggested that schizophrenia is characterized by an asymmetry of visuo-spatial attention, in particular that acute unmedicated schizophrenics demonstrate relative inattention to right hemispace, whereas chronically medicated patients demonstrate the opposite pattern. In the present study, 30 unmedicated schizophrenic patients, 32 chronically medicated schizophrenic patients, 30 patients suffering from major depression and 60 healthy controls were assessed using two measures of hemispatial attentional neglect, namely letter and star cancellation. The results demonstrated that the chronic schizophrenic group made more total omissions for star cancellation (in both right and left hemispace), but that there was no difference between the groups in terms of omission asymmetry for either letter or star cancellation.

Gonadotrophin secretion abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Ferrier ◽  
P. M. Cotes ◽  
T. J. Crow ◽  
E. C. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Lh Secretion

SynopsisLH, FSH, PRL and testosterone were estimated by radioimmunoassay in serial venous samples from 20 male chronic schizophrenic patients, 17 age-matched controls, 3 patients in remission from acute schizophrenia, and in single samples from age–sex matched populations. LH and FSH, but not testosterone or PRL, were significantly reduced in patients with chronic schizophrenia. There was an associated reduction in the frequency, but not amplitude, of LH secretory episodes in patients with chronic schizophrenia. No abnormalities of LH secretion were detected in those patients in remission from acute schizophrenia. Fourteen of the chronic schizophrenic patients were retested at a later date with similar results, except in the case of the few patients who had been started on neuroleptic medication. Some relationships were established between hormonal secretion and the clinical features of these patients. The possible significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the complex control of gonadotrophin secretion from the anterior pituitary and the natural history and nature of chronic schizophrenia.

The Significance of Stupor in the Long-Term Outcome of Chronic Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Rigby ◽  
S. M. Wood ◽  
R. H. S. Mindham
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Similar Sample

The admission records of 271 long-stay chronic schizophrenic patients, resident in a large psychiatric hospital, were examined in order to identify those who had presented in stupor at the onset of their illness. Twelve patients were found (ten men and two women). When compared, in terms of current mental state and behaviour, with a similar sample of schizophrenics in whom stupor had been absent, significant differences between the two groups were detected, with those presenting in stupor demonstrating a less favourable outcome.

The Ventricular System in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand K. Pandurangi ◽  
Mantosh J. Dewan ◽  
Seungho Howard Lee ◽  
Tarakad Ramachandran ◽  
Benjamin F. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Occipital Lobes

SummaryTwenty-three chronic schizophrenic patients and 23 controls, all males between 20 and 40 years of age, were evaluated by CT scan. The lateral, third and fourth ventricles, the Sylvian fissures, and the largest sulcus from each of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, were measured in order to determine whether the previously reported ventriculomegaly in schizophrenics was perhaps due to a disturbance of CSF flow or to atrophy, two common causes of ventricular enlargement. We found that in the schizophrenic group the third and fourth ventricles and both Sylvian fissures were significantly enlarged, but not the lateral ventricles or cerebral sulci. Our data suggest that these ventricular changes are not due to a disturbance of CSF flow or to cerebral atrophy. Other possible explanations are discussed.

Two kinds of cognitive deficit associated with chronic schizophrenia

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Frith
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Normal Degree ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SynopsisThe performance of 21 chronic schizophrenic patients was investigated on two tests of feature selection. It was found that patients with negative symptoms (muteness, withdrawal, etc.) were characterized by an extreme lack of persistence, but selected usual features; whereas patients with positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, etc.) had a normal degree of persistence, but selected unusual features.

Regional Brain Metabolism During Auditory Hallucinations in Chronic Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cleghorn ◽  
E. S. Garnett ◽  
C. Nahmias ◽  
G. M. Brown ◽  
R. D. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Broca’S Region ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

Regions of the brain involved in language and attention were studied using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose in PET. In nine chronic DSM–III schizophrenic patients who had persistent auditory hallucinations, ten who had recovered from hallucinations and ten normal controls. In none of the regions examined was metabolic activity significantly different in hallucinating patients compared with that in other groups. However, a pattern of seven significant correlations of metabolic activity between language regions and between frontal and parietal cortex characterised the hallucinating but not the other groups. Three of the seven correlations were significantly greater in hallucinating patients than in the two other groups, and six were greater in hallucinating patients than controls. Metabolism in Broca's region and its right-hemisphere homologue correlated positively and significantly in the hallucinating group, as it did in anterior cingulate and left superior temporal areas, and in right frontal and parietal areas. Hallucination ratings correlated with metabolism in the anterior cingulate region.

Hedonic Deficit in Chronic Schizophrenia

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
A. L. C. Pottash ◽  
Marks Gold ◽  
Margaret Pottenger ◽  
Brigitte A. Prusoff
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Forty-two chronic schizophrenic patients were evaluated for extent of hedonic deficit and compared with a demographically matched sample of normals. Schizophrenics rated themselves as experiencing significantly less pleasure on four of ten pleasure factors. When the schizophrenic sample was divided into depressed and non-depressed subgroups, the depressed subgroup was found to account for these differences in pleasure between schizophrenics and normals. Psychobiological implications of these results are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document