Ageing in Down's Syndrome

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Hewitt ◽  
G. Carter ◽  
J. Jancar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Hospital Patients

SummaryIn a group of 23 hospital patients aged over 50 with Down's syndrome, psychological testing indicated that significant intellectual deterioration, which was un-related to chronological age, sex, length of hospitalisation, or earlier mental age, had occurred in nine. Clinically, there was no evidence in any patient of active physical illness, focal neurological signs, or dementia, but significant associations were found between intellectual deterioration and decreased visual acuity, hearing loss, and macrocytosis.

Imitation and expression of facial affect in autism

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Loveland ◽  
Belgin Tunali-Kotoski ◽  
Deborah A. Pearson ◽  
Kristin A. Brelsford ◽  
Juliana Ortegon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Young Adults With Autism ◽  
Affective Expressions

AbstractThis study examined elicited (posed) affective expressions in children, adolescents, and young adults with autism (N = 18) or Down's syndrome (N = 24). Subjects were asked to (a) imitate five modeled expressions (Imitation task) and (b) produce five labeled expressions (Expression task). Subjects with autism produced recognizable expressions in both tasks, but they produced fewer than did subjects with Down's syndrome when target emotions were labeled but not modeled (Expression). Imitation and Expression tasks were equally difficult for subjects with autism, but subjects with Down's syndrome performed better in Expression than in Imitation. In both tasks, the responses of subjects with autism contained many unusual behaviors, such as bizarre expressions and those that looked “mechanical.” Results suggest that producing elicited affective expressions is more difficult for persons with autism than for persons with Down's syndrome of similar chronological age, mental age, and IQ.

Visual acuity and accommodation in infants and young children with Down's syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Woodhouse ◽  
V. H. Pakeman ◽  
K. J. Saunders ◽  
M. Parker ◽  
W. I. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Cerulean Cataract in a Person with Down s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madbouhi K ◽  
◽  
Cherkaoui O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Form ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Loss Of Visual Acuity

We report the case of an 18-year-old patient who consults for a loss of visual acuity in the right eye for 1 year. On clinical examination, visual acuity is 20/100. Eye tone is 12 mmhg. Examination of the anterior segment shows the existence of a cataract made up of whitish opacities corresponding to a congenital cerulean cataract (Figure 1). The treatment consisted of a cataract cure by phacoemulsification with good progress. Cerulean cataract is a rare congenital form of bluish tint, made up of whitish opacities in concentric layers with a radial arrangement at their center. Visual acuity is fairly good in childhood but may deteriorate later. In the literature, the incidence of cataracts in Down’s children ranges from 5% to 50%. In previous studies of congenital or infantile cataract, 3-5 % of cases were associated with Down’s syndrome [1].

scholarly journals Visual and refractive status of children with Down's syndrome and nystagmus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma A A Zahidi ◽  
Lee McIlreavy ◽  
Jonathan T Erichsen ◽  
J Margaret Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
First Year ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Refraction Data

Background/Aims: Children with Down's syndrome (DS) are known to have poorer visual acuity that neurotypical children. One report has shown that children with DS and nystagmus also have poor acuity when compared to typical children with nystagmus. What has not been established, is the extent of any acuity deficit due to nystagmus and whether nystagmus impacts on refractive error is within a population with DS. Methods: Clinical records from The Cardiff University Down's Syndrome Vision Research Unit were examined retrospectively. Binocular visual acuity and refraction data were available for 50 children who had DS and nystagmus (DSN) and 176 children who had DS but no nystagmus. Data were compared between the two groups, and with published data for neurotypical children with nystagmus. Results: The study confirms the deficit in acuity in DS, compared to neurotypical children, of approximately 0.2 LogMAR and shows a further deficit attributable to nystagmus of a further 0.2 logMAR beyond the first year of life. Children with DS and no nystagmus appear to have acuity that mirrors that of typical children with nystagmus, while children with both DS and nystagmus have a significant additional impairment. Children with DS have a wide range of refractive errors, but nystagmus increases the likelihood of myopia. Prevalence and axis direction of astigmatism, on the other hand appears unaffected by nystagmus. Conclusion: Nystagmus confers an additional visual impairment on children with Down's syndrome and must be recognised as such by families and educators. Children with both DS and nystagmus clearly need targeted support.

Posteruptive Tooth Age in Children with Down's Syndrome and Their Sibs

1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Orner
Keyword(s):  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Chronological Age

The accumulated posteruptive tooth age was calculated for 212 children with Down's syndrome and 124 of their unaffected sibs. Posteruptive tooth age was shown to vary widely with different morphological permanent tooth types at the same chronological age. Girls in both groups had greater accumulated posteruptive tooth age than boys at each age. Sibs of both sexes generally exceeded the exposure experience of the children with Down's syndrome.

Contextual Interference Effects during Skill Acquisition and Transfer in Down’s Syndrome Adolescents

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Edwards ◽  
Digby Elliott ◽  
Timothy D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Contextual Interference ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Timing Task ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Similar Task

An experiment is reported that investigated the effects of contextual interference on motor skill acquisition, and transfer of training in Down’s syndrome adolescents. Twenty Down’s syndrome adolescents and 20 nonhandicapped mental age controls learned a coincident anticipation timing task using either a random or a blocked training schedule. For transfer to a novel but similar task, subjects from both populations evidenced beneficial effects due to random practice. These data are discussed in terms of recent developments for strategy enhancement in motor learning by mentally retarded individuals.

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) with Young Down’s Syndrome Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Greenberg ◽  
Wesley R. Wilson ◽  
John M. Moore ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) was investigated with 41 Down’s syndrome subjects between the ages of six months and six years. The VRA procedure involved monitoring a head-turn response to a complex noise signal presented in a sound field with an ascending presentation paradigm and reinforced by a complex visual reinforcer. Twenty-four of the infants and young children also were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) to allow for an analysis of the efficacy of VRA as a function of developmental age. Results were as follows: (1) 28 (68%) of the infants and young children initially oriented towards the source of the auditory stimulus, (2) only a few of the subjects who did not initially orient could be taught to respond, (3) of the children who initially oriented or were taught to respond, thresholds were obtained on a large number (81%) in one visit, and (4) a systematic relationship was demonstrated between consistency of subject response using the VRA technique and BSID Mental Age Equivalent with 10 months being the critical age for determining the potential success of the procedure. In addition, the results implied a higher incidence of hearing loss in the Down’s syndrome subjects than found in the normal pediatric population.

Touch and Vision in Normal and Down's Syndrome Babies

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky A Lewis ◽  
Peter E Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Tactual Perception ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
Visual Tasks

Two experiments are reported with young Down's syndrome and normal children matched for mental age, sex, and social class. In one, Down's syndrome children performed at chance level on two tactual—visual cross-modal tasks, and only the oldest succeeded with one of two visual—visual within-modal tasks. The normal children performed at above chance level on the visual—visual tasks, and on the tactual—visual tasks the oldest succeeded on two and the youngest on one of the tasks. These results suggest that Down's syndrome children may have some sort of difficulty involving tactual perception. The second experiment examined the effect of touch on visual behaviour. Down's syndrome children and their matched controls looked at pairs of shapes which sometimes could be touched and sometimes could not. In the former condition the Down's syndrome children touched less, and looking and touching was less coordinated than that of normal children. However, both groups made fewer but longer looks when they could touch the shapes. In the light of these results the role of tactual perception in Down's syndrome children is discussed.

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