The use of Rating Scales to Identify Post-natal Depression

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Harris ◽  
Philip Huckle ◽  
Roger Thomas ◽  
Sandra Johns ◽  
Hedi Fung
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Post Natal Depression

One hundred and forty-seven mothers were screened for major depression at six to eight weeks postpartum. Using predetermined cut-off points, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Beck scale were compared in their abilities to identify the 15% of subjects who had major depression according to DSM-III criteria. The sensitivity of Edinburgh scale was 95% and its specificity 93%. The performance of the Beck scale was markedly inferior, with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 88%.

scholarly journals Assessment of the risk of postpartum depression and the support expected and received by women within a year of giving birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Edyta Gałęziowska ◽  
Karolina Kicińska ◽  
Zdzisława Szadowska-Szlachetka ◽  
Renata Domżał-Drzewicka
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Social ◽  
Baby Blues ◽  
Post Natal Depression

Abstract Introduction. Postpartum depression (post-natal depression, pure postpartum depression, PPD) is one of three types of post-natal mood disorders. The degree (severity) of this disorder may be defined as moderate or severe. A milder form of depression is postpartum sadness (baby blues), while the untreated depression can develop into a very severe form of depression called postpartum psychosis Aim. The aim of the work was to analyse the incidence and severity of postpartum depression symptoms in women in the first year after giving birth, evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the social support received and expected by them. Material and methods. This paper presents the severity of depressive symptoms in 150 women measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the first year after their giving birth as well as the support received by them and the demand for it. Results. More than half of the women filling in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale achieved a result indicating a high risk of postpartum depression (more than 12 points). The severity of postpartum depression symptoms depended on the place of residence of women, was related to attendance antenatal classes, breastfeeding and the support received. Conclusions. It would be advisable to initially assess the risk of postpartum depression in women immediately after childbirth and the social support available to them.

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Validation for an Australian Sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Boyce ◽  
Joanne Stubbs ◽  
Angela Todd
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
Larger Sample

One hundred and three post-partum women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. A cut-off score of 12.5 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale identified all nine women who reached criteria for major depression. At this threshold the sensitivity (the percentage of true “cases’ identified) of the EPDS was 100%, its specificity (the percentage of true “non-cases’ identified as such) 95.7% and its positive predictive value (the percentage of all those tested as positive who were correctly identified as such) 69.2%. Although this study supported the validity of the EPDS, a replication of this study on a larger sample is suggested.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m4022
Author(s):  
Brooke Levis ◽  
Zelalem Negeri ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Andrea Benedetti ◽  
Brett D Thombs
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Individual Participant

Abstract Objective To evaluate the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Design Individual participant data meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (from inception to 3 October 2018). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Eligible datasets included EPDS scores and major depression classification based on validated diagnostic interviews. Bivariate random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate EPDS sensitivity and specificity compared with semi-structured, fully structured (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) excluded), and MINI diagnostic interviews separately using individual participant data. One stage meta-regression was used to examine accuracy by reference standard categories and participant characteristics. Results Individual participant data were obtained from 58 of 83 eligible studies (70%; 15 557 of 22 788 eligible participants (68%), 2069 with major depression). Combined sensitivity and specificity was maximised at a cut-off value of 11 or higher across reference standards. Among studies with a semi-structured interview (36 studies, 9066 participants, 1330 with major depression), sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.90) and 0.84 (0.79 to 0.88) for a cut-off value of 10 or higher, 0.81 (0.75 to 0.87) and 0.88 (0.85 to 0.91) for a cut-off value of 11 or higher, and 0.66 (0.58 to 0.74) and 0.95 (0.92 to 0.96) for a cut-off value of 13 or higher, respectively. Accuracy was similar across reference standards and subgroups, including for pregnant and postpartum women. Conclusions An EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity; a cut-off value of 13 or higher was less sensitive but more specific. To identify pregnant and postpartum women with higher symptom levels, a cut-off of 13 or higher could be used. Lower cut-off values could be used if the intention is to avoid false negatives and identify most patients who meet diagnostic criteria. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42015024785).

Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic T. S. Lee ◽  
S. K. Yip ◽  
Helen F. K. Chiu ◽  
Tony Y. S. Leung ◽  
Kathy P. M. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Patient Version ◽  
Study Population

BackgroundWe evaluated the utility of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and measured the prevalence of major depression six weeks after confinement among Chinese women in Hong Kong.MethodA prospective cohort of 145 women completed the EPDS, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) six weeks after giving birth. They were then assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R, non-patient version (SCID–NP) to establish psychiatric diagnosis. The criterion validity of EPDS was tested against this clinical diagnosis, and the concurrent validity against the GHQ and BDI scores was also evaluated. The internal consistency of the scales was measured by Cronbach's α coefficient.ResultsThe Chinese EPDS had satisfactory psychometric properties and a cut-off score of 9/10 is recommended for screening depressive illness in a general postnatal population. At six weeks postpartum, 5.5% of the study population suffered from major depression.ConclusionsThe Chinese EPDS will be useful for screening for postnatal depression.

Links Between Early Post-partum Mood and Post-natal Depression

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hannah ◽  
Diana Adams ◽  
Angela Lee ◽  
Vivette Glover ◽  
M. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Post Natal Depression ◽  
Previous Birth

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to rate 217 patients at five days and six weeks post-partum. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the two scores, together with similar symptom profiles. Of the 25 women who suffered postnatal depression (6–week EPDS score ≥13), 17 had similar symptoms in the first week postpartum (5–day EPDS score ≥10). Low birth weight of the baby, delivery by Caesarean section, a delivery much more difficult than expected, and bottle feeding were all significantly associated with a high EPDS score in the first week post-partum. Bottle feeding and delivery by Caesarean section were the only factors associated with depression at the sixth week. A recollection of low mood after a previous birth was also associated with post-natal depression after the current birth. This, together with an EPDS score of 13 or more at five days post-partum, increased the risk of post-natal depression at six weeks 85–fold.

Estimating psychiatric morbidity by logistic regression: application to post-natal depression in a community sample

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Carothers ◽  
Lynne Murray
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Post Natal Depression

SynopsisThe use of logistic regression to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in community samples is illustrated here with data from a study of post-natal depression in 702 primiparous Cambridge mothers. The method is also used to validate the primary screening instrument (in this case the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale – EPDS), and to estimate the effects of cofactors, such as maternal age, previous psychiatric history and social class.

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