Efficacy of Acupuncture in Post-partum With Diastasis Recti Abdominis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study Protocol

Background: Diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA) is one of the common complications during pregnancy and post-partum, which has psychological and physical effects on post-partum women. Acupuncture, a worldwide alternative therapy, has attracted wide attention in preventing and treating diseases related to pregnancy and childbirth. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with physical training in treating post-partum rectus muscle dissociation.Methods: This is a randomized, controlled trial of DRA in post-partum conducted at Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine. The primary purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and physical training on DRA in post-partum women. The study will be conducted from March 2022 to March 2023. The acupuncture group received acupuncture and physical training (n = 48), the sham acupuncture group received sham acupuncture and physical training (n = 48), and the physical training group received physical training (n = 48). These experiments perform once/day, five times a week for 2 weeks, followed up for half a year after the end of the course of treatment. Our tests perform a course of treatment, which includes a total of 10 consecutive treatments. Furthermore, the patient will be followed up for half a year after the treatment. Primary and secondary indicators, including inter recti distance (IRD), linea alba (LA) tension, the MOS item short-form health survey (SF-36), short-form McGill pain questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), leeds dyspepsia questionnaire (LDQ), menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ), 10 items of edinburgh post-natal depression scale (EPDS-10), the modified body self-image scale (MBIS), international consultation incontinence questionnaire short-form (ICIQ-SF) and hernia-related quality-of-life survey (HerQles), which will be evaluated before and after treatment and half a year after treatment. Adverse events and side effects during each treatment will be collected and recorded.Discussion: There is evidence that acupuncture and physical training can treat DRA in post-partum. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in post-partum with DRA.

Examine the Frequency of Postnatal Depression in Mothers having Malnourished Infants

Background: Healthy child development is dependent on a mentally and physically healthy mother. Depressions in mother can adversely affect their offspring healthy growth. Aim: To estimate the frequency of post-natal depression in mothers having malnourished infants. Place and duration of study: Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Qeutta from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: In this case control study 250 mothers (125 were malnourished infants or toddlers mothers and other 125 from healthy weight infants/toddlers mothers) were interviewed to assess their depressional state. Their stress inducing factors, age and other clinical comorbidities were also documented. Results: Mean mother age of malnourished infants/toddlers was 28.1±6.6 years in comparison to 27.8±5.2 years of healthy weight infants/toddlers mother’s respectively. Twenty four percent malnourished infant/toddlers’ mothers were single parent. Un-employed spouse of mothers to malnourished infant/toddlers were found at higher frequency (51.06%) than of healthy infant/toddlers (23.4%).The frequency of post-natal depression among mothers of malnourished infants/toddlers was observed in 57.6% cases Conclusion: Out of total 57.5% mothers of malnourished children suffering from post-natal depression there are 15.2% to 9.6% those having moderate to highly moderate post-natal depression. Keywords: Post-natal depression, Malnourish, Infants, Toddlers

The Creation of a Birthing Centre: Considering the Prevention of Post-Natal Depression.

<p>This thesis explores the notion of interior architecture as a tool in the prevention on of post natal depression. This research is part of a larger and current theoretical argument that places interior architecture in a catalyst role for the prevention of mental illness. Initial research shows that the act of giving birth and its physical and mental recovery are tightly linked to the potential development of depressive disorder. Accordingly this research will explore the spatial requirements for birthing with the prevention of mental disorder in mind. The design will be developed at the intersection of a series of criteria of spatial qualities in the prevention of depressive orders and evidence based hospital design parameters for birthing. This research aims to establish a comprehensive base guideline specific for the design of birthing centres, focusing on the prevention of post natal depression. The design here presented is a series of tests and assessment of this guideline.</p>

The Creation of a Birthing Centre: Considering the Prevention of Post-Natal Depression.

<p>This thesis explores the notion of interior architecture as a tool in the prevention on of post natal depression. This research is part of a larger and current theoretical argument that places interior architecture in a catalyst role for the prevention of mental illness. Initial research shows that the act of giving birth and its physical and mental recovery are tightly linked to the potential development of depressive disorder. Accordingly this research will explore the spatial requirements for birthing with the prevention of mental disorder in mind. The design will be developed at the intersection of a series of criteria of spatial qualities in the prevention of depressive orders and evidence based hospital design parameters for birthing. This research aims to establish a comprehensive base guideline specific for the design of birthing centres, focusing on the prevention of post natal depression. The design here presented is a series of tests and assessment of this guideline.</p>

A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence and risk factors of post-partum depression in urban area of Indore district

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are important events in the life of a woman. Life with the new born can be very rewarding but it can be very tough for some women. This phase of life brings about many hormonals, physical and emotional changes in the women during childbirth. Aims and objectives were to find out the prevalence and risk factors of post-partum depression (PPD) in urban area of Indore district and to assess the socio demographic profile of study populationMethods: The study was a cross sectional community-based study, conducted on women who had delivered within a period of 6 weeks to 3 months. 100 women from urban area were selected from Indore district through simple random sampling. Informed consent in written was taken from the mothers. The study tool was pre designed semi structured questionnaire and Edinburgh post-natal depression scale (EPDS) scale, data were entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software, appropriate statistical test were applied wherever necessary.Results: In our study it was found that prevalence of PPD in urban Indore was 23%. We found that age at the time of marriage below 18 years, mode of delivery (LSCS), initiation of breast feeding (after 1 hour) and birth weight of baby less than 2.5 kg had a strong association with PPD. In our study 58% had normal vaginal delivery and 42% had LSCS in urban area. In urban areas 36% gave a history of birth weight of babies <2.5 kg.Conclusions: Symptoms of PPD were significantly high in urban Indore mothers and they were strongly associated with risk factors.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Post-Natal Depression and its Associates among Women in a Rural Community in Hooghly District, West Bengal

Background:Post-natal depression, aserious mental health problem experienced by mothers 4 to 6 weeks after delivery. Patients suffering from post- natal depression are at higher risk of developing major depressive illness in future life. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of post-natal depression and its associates among women in a rural community in Hooghly district, West Bengal. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 83 post-natal mothers (period of 6th to 10th week after delivery) in a rural community in Hooghly district, West Bengal, selected by simple random sampling technique from the list of mothers attending the immunization clinic in a health centreduring the period of April 2019 to September 2019. Data was collected by face-to-face interview and review of records by house to house visits. Depression was assessed by Edinburgh post-natal depression scale (EPDS).Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 16. Results: Prevalence of post-natal depression among study participants came out to be 28.9%. Poor socio-economic status (p=0.000). Unplanned pregnancy (p=0.025), Pre-term delivery (p=0.011) and increase in number of parity (p=0.025) were found to be statistically significantly associated with post-natal depression. Conclusion: Post-natal depression is a major public health problem which should be dealt with great concern while making policy for betterment of maternal and child health especially in low income countries like India. This can be detected early by health care providers in primary health care set up using simple screening tools. Special care and counselling should be provided to them.

Poor Sleep and Decision-Making Disturbance Are Associated With Suicidal Ideation in Pre-natal Depression

Although many risk factors for suicidal ideation have been identified, few studies have focused on suicidal ideation and pre-natal depression. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between decision-making (DM) dysfunction and sleep disturbance on suicidal ideation in pre-natal depression. Participants included 100 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, including pregnant women with pre-natal depression who had recent suicidal ideation (n = 30), pre-natal depression without SI (n = 35) and healthy controls (n = 35). The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was used to evaluate the DM function and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep index. The Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess suicidal ideation and the seriousness of depression. Overall, the two groups with pre-natal depression showed worse sleep quality and decreased DM function compared with healthy controls. The pre-natal depression with suicidal ideation group showed a significantly higher score in subjective sleep quality and a lower score in block 5 of IGT than the pre-natal depression without suicidal ideation group. Further correlation analysis showed that suicidal ideation positively correlated with subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and daytime function, and negatively correlated with IGT scores. Sleep disturbance and impaired DM function may be risk factors for suicidal ideation in pre-natal depression.

Interaction between Oxytocin Genotypes and Early Experience Predicts Quality of Mothering and Postpartum Mood

Individual differences in maternal behavior are affected by both early life experiences and oxytocin, but little is known about genetic variation in oxytocin genes and its effects on mothering. We examined two polymorphisms in the oxytocin peptide gene OXT (rs2740210 and rs4813627) and one polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR (rs237885) in 187 Caucasian mothers at six months postpartum. For OXT, both rs2740210 and rs4813627 significantly associated with maternal vocalizing to the infant. These polymorphisms also interacted with the quality of care mothers experienced in early life, to predict variation in maternal instrumental care and postpartum depression. However, postpartum depression did not mediate the gene-environment effects of the OXT SNPs on instrumental care. In contrast, the OXTR SNP rs237885 did not associate with maternal behavior, but it did associate with pre-natal (but not post-natal) depression score. The findings illustrate the importance of variation in oxytocin genes, both alone and in interaction with early environment, as predictors of individual differences in human mothering. Furthermore, depression does not appear to have a causal role on the variation we report in instrumental care. This suggests that variation in instrumental care varies in association with a gene-early environment effect regardless of current depressive symptomatology. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple dimensions of human maternal behavior in studies of genetic associations.

Interaction between Oxytocin Genotypes and Early Experience Predicts Quality of Mothering and Postpartum Mood

Individual differences in maternal behavior are affected by both early life experiences and oxytocin, but little is known about genetic variation in oxytocin genes and its effects on mothering. We examined two polymorphisms in the oxytocin peptide gene OXT (rs2740210 and rs4813627) and one polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR (rs237885) in 187 Caucasian mothers at six months postpartum. For OXT, both rs2740210 and rs4813627 significantly associated with maternal vocalizing to the infant. These polymorphisms also interacted with the quality of care mothers experienced in early life, to predict variation in maternal instrumental care and postpartum depression. However, postpartum depression did not mediate the gene-environment effects of the OXT SNPs on instrumental care. In contrast, the OXTR SNP rs237885 did not associate with maternal behavior, but it did associate with pre-natal (but not post-natal) depression score. The findings illustrate the importance of variation in oxytocin genes, both alone and in interaction with early environment, as predictors of individual differences in human mothering. Furthermore, depression does not appear to have a causal role on the variation we report in instrumental care. This suggests that variation in instrumental care varies in association with a gene-early environment effect regardless of current depressive symptomatology. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple dimensions of human maternal behavior in studies of genetic associations.