Assessment of DSM–III–R Personality Disorders by Self-Report Questionnaire: the Role of Informants and a Screening Test for Co-morbid Personality Disorders (STCPD)

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dowson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Mean

A modified version of the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ–R), based on DSM–III–R personality disorders (PDs), was completed by 60 psychiatric patients. An informant's version was also completed by 60 relatives or friends nominated by each subject. Discrete DSM–III–R PDs were rare; the mean number of PDs per subject was 4.5. Cluster analysis showed that only antisocial PD was a basis for classification of patients, while most patients formed two groups which were mainly distinguished by quantitative differences related to the total scores of positive PD criteria. A shorter version of the questionnaire can be used as a screening test for co-morbid PDs (STCPD) which can predict the number of co-morbid DSM–III–R PDs. The total scores of positive PD criteria from the STCPD were usually (and significantly) higher than the corresponding scores from informants' questionnaires but when an informant's total score exceeded that of the patient, this indicated a subject's under-reporting.

Classification of Personality Disorder

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
John Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Personality Disordered

SummaryAn interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Role of laparoscopic in diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children at Viet Duc Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Hoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Operation

Abstract Introduction: Evaluating the role of laparoscopic for diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children. Material and Methods: Restrospective study, between 6/ 2014 and 6/2017. All the patients are aged from 1 to 16 years with undescended testis underwent laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment in Deparment of pediatric surgery – Viet Duc hospital enrolled. Results: Of 95 patiens in total had 106 undescended testis diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy. The mean age of patients was 7,5 ± 3,8 years. 44,2% undescended were on the left side, 44,2% were on the right and 11,6% were undescended bilateral. The correct diagnosis by ultrasound accounted in 79,4%. The locations of testis diagnosed by laparoscopic are : intra abdomen in 45,3%, deep inguinal orifice in 16,9%, extra inguinal orifice in 26,4%, no testicle found in 11,4%. The mean time of operation were 67,33± 28,01 pht. Scrotal positions were achieved 74,5%, remove atrophic testis accounted in 7,6%. Stephen- Flowler technique including step I were in 4,7%, step II in 1,9%. The outcome evaluated by testicular positions following 3 months after operation are : good in 79,2%, moderate 13,2%, poor in 7,6%; By classification of Aubert are : good in 81,1%, moderate in 11,3% and poor in 7,6 %. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is not only a highly sensitive diagnostic method to find accurately the location and size of the testes, but also the most effective method to treat impalpable undescended testes.

scholarly journals The Clinical Utility of Personality Profiles of High-Risk Offenders in Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Morgan K.A. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Self Presentation

<p>Personality disorders are common among high-risk offenders. These disorders may have relevance for their risk of offending, and they are likely to present barriers to their engagement in rehabilitation programmes. Co-morbidity between personality disorders - and the high frequency of clinical disorders in general - in offender samples complicate research on personality disorder in offender rehabilitation. One approach to understanding this heterogeneity is to use cluster analysis (CA). CA is an empirical strategy which is used to identify subgroups (clusters) of individuals who have similar scores on the variables used in the analysis. It has been used to empirically identify different patterns of personality and clinical psychopathology among incarcerated offenders. Two profiles frequently emerge in cluster analytic research on offender psychopathology profiles: an antisocial/narcissistic profile and a high-psychopathology profile. However, previous research has not empirically examined whether the identification of these profiles has clinical relevance for offender rehabilitation; that is, whether the profiles are simply descriptive, or whether they can provide useful information for the management and rehabilitation of offenders.  In the current research, I used data collected from high risk offenders entering prison-based rehabilitation programmes to investigate the clinical utility of psychopathology clusters. Using a self-report measure of personality and clinical psychopathology - the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III - I identified three clusters: a low-psychopathology cluster (26% of the sample), a high-psychopathology cluster (35% of the sample), and an antisocial/narcissistic cluster (39% of the sample). The high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters in particular resembled high risk clusters found in previous research.  To determine whether the three clusters had clinical relevance, I investigated cluster differences in criminal risk, treatment responsivity, and self-report predictive validity. I found evidence for cluster differences in criminal risk: men in the high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters had higher rates of criminal recidivism after release compared to men in the low-psychopathology cluster. However, I found that regardless of psychopathology, men in all three clusters made progress in treatment, and there was little evidence that clusters that reported more psychopathology were less engaged, or made less progress. In the final study I examined cluster differences in self-presentation style and the predictive validity of self-report. Results indicated that offenders who reported high levels of psychopathology had a more general tendency for negative self-presentation, and their self-report on risk-related measures was highly predictive of criminal recidivism.  Combined, the results of this research show that cluster analysis of self-reported psychopathology can generate a parsimonious model of heterogeneity in offender samples. Importantly, the resulting clusters can also provide information for some of the most important tasks in offender management: assessment and treatment. The results suggest the highest risk offenders tend to report higher levels of psychopathology, and that offenders who report extensive psychopathology also have highly predictive risk-related self-report. Perhaps one of the most reassuring findings of the current research is that even offenders who report high levels of psychopathology appear to benefit from rehabilitation.</p>

scholarly journals The role of identity in the DSM-5 classification of personality disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schmeck ◽  
Susanne Schlüter-Müller ◽  
Pamela A Foelsch ◽  
Stephan Doering
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Dsm 5

scholarly journals The Clinical Utility of Personality Profiles of High-Risk Offenders in Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Morgan K.A. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Self Presentation

<p>Personality disorders are common among high-risk offenders. These disorders may have relevance for their risk of offending, and they are likely to present barriers to their engagement in rehabilitation programmes. Co-morbidity between personality disorders - and the high frequency of clinical disorders in general - in offender samples complicate research on personality disorder in offender rehabilitation. One approach to understanding this heterogeneity is to use cluster analysis (CA). CA is an empirical strategy which is used to identify subgroups (clusters) of individuals who have similar scores on the variables used in the analysis. It has been used to empirically identify different patterns of personality and clinical psychopathology among incarcerated offenders. Two profiles frequently emerge in cluster analytic research on offender psychopathology profiles: an antisocial/narcissistic profile and a high-psychopathology profile. However, previous research has not empirically examined whether the identification of these profiles has clinical relevance for offender rehabilitation; that is, whether the profiles are simply descriptive, or whether they can provide useful information for the management and rehabilitation of offenders.  In the current research, I used data collected from high risk offenders entering prison-based rehabilitation programmes to investigate the clinical utility of psychopathology clusters. Using a self-report measure of personality and clinical psychopathology - the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III - I identified three clusters: a low-psychopathology cluster (26% of the sample), a high-psychopathology cluster (35% of the sample), and an antisocial/narcissistic cluster (39% of the sample). The high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters in particular resembled high risk clusters found in previous research.  To determine whether the three clusters had clinical relevance, I investigated cluster differences in criminal risk, treatment responsivity, and self-report predictive validity. I found evidence for cluster differences in criminal risk: men in the high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters had higher rates of criminal recidivism after release compared to men in the low-psychopathology cluster. However, I found that regardless of psychopathology, men in all three clusters made progress in treatment, and there was little evidence that clusters that reported more psychopathology were less engaged, or made less progress. In the final study I examined cluster differences in self-presentation style and the predictive validity of self-report. Results indicated that offenders who reported high levels of psychopathology had a more general tendency for negative self-presentation, and their self-report on risk-related measures was highly predictive of criminal recidivism.  Combined, the results of this research show that cluster analysis of self-reported psychopathology can generate a parsimonious model of heterogeneity in offender samples. Importantly, the resulting clusters can also provide information for some of the most important tasks in offender management: assessment and treatment. The results suggest the highest risk offenders tend to report higher levels of psychopathology, and that offenders who report extensive psychopathology also have highly predictive risk-related self-report. Perhaps one of the most reassuring findings of the current research is that even offenders who report high levels of psychopathology appear to benefit from rehabilitation.</p>

The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: A Validity Study with American Psychiatric Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matig Mavissakalian ◽  
Larry Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Phobic Disorders ◽  
American Sample ◽  
Middlesex Hospital

SummaryThe Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) was used as a screening test for psychiatric disorder in 169 new outpatients. The profile obtained on the six subscales of the MHQ was strikingly similar in this American sample compared to four previous British reports. The MHQ significantly differentiated between diagnostic groups, most particularly between neuroses and personality disorders. Moreover, 75 per cent of the patients could be correctly classified as either neurosis or personality disorder on the basis of their MHQ total and subscale scores. The MHQ appears to be particularly useful in identifying phobic disorders, and the phobia subscale consistently discriminated between anxiety-phobic states and other diagnostic groups.

Relationships among Social Perception, Social Skill, and Social Anxiety of Psychiatric Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1175-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan L. Fingeret ◽  
Peter M. Monti ◽  
Maryann Paxson
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Response Alternatives

This study examined relationships among measures of social perception and social performance for 63 psychiatric patients. Simulated social situations with differing response alternatives were presented on videotape to patients who judged the most appropriate alternative of three. Patients also participated in role-plays, and their videotaped responses were later rated for social skill and social anxiety. Patients also responded to a self-report inventory of social behavior. Analysis indicated that social perception was correlated with social skill but not with social anxiety. Self-report measures were not correlated with either social perception or social performance. The possible role of social perception in social performance was discussed.

CS04-03 - New developments in the classification of personality disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1780-1780
Author(s):  
E. Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Dsm Iv

Personality disorders are regarded as being among the more important categories within the DSM-IV diagnostic nomenclature, because they have the unique distinction of being placed on a separate diagnostic axis. However, empirical data have pointed out a number of disadvantages and concerns with the categorical system: excessive co-occurrence, inadequate coverage, heterogeneity within diagnoses, arbitrary and unstable diagnostic boundaries and inadequate scientific basis.Alternative dimensional approaches have been considered. There is a surprising consistency over the number and descriptions of the main factors or dimensions both in normal population and among psychiatric patients, at least the following four: an externalizing factor aggression (antagonism), an internalizing anxious-emotional unstable second factor, an inhibited and constraint third factor and fourth factor of compulsivity and perfectionism. Beside this, severity of functional deficits, a number of trait domains and disturbances of self and identity are considered to be included as additional descriptors of personality pathology. It is proposed that only 5 or 6 of the current categories with highest clinical validity will be kept in the system. The aim is to maximize clinical utility, but the current suggestions seem to be too complex for the average clinician to follow.

scholarly journals The role of migration processes and cultural factors in the classification of personality disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152110364
Author(s):  
Ardalan Najjarkakhaki ◽  
Samrad Ghane
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Populations

Migrants and ethnic minorities are at risk of being under- and overdiagnosed with personality disorders (PDs). A culturally informed approach to the classification of PDs guides clinicians in incorporating migration processes and cultural factors, to arrive at a reliable and valid assessment of personality pathology. In this article, we provide a tentative framework to highlight specific interactions between personality disorders, migration processes, and cultural factors. It is argued that migration processes can merely resemble personality pathology, activate certain (latent) vulnerabilities, and aggravate pre-existing personality pathology. We propose that these migration processes can include manifestations of grief about the loss of pre-migratory psychosocial and economic resources, and the struggle to attain psychosocial and economic resources in the host culture. Moreover, several cultural dimensions are outlined that can either resemble or mask personality pathology. The term “culturally masked personality disorder” is coined, to delineate clinical cases in which cultural factors are overused or misused to rationalize behavioral patterns that are consistently inflexible, distressing, or harmful to the individual and/or significant others, lead to significant impairment, and exceed the relevant cultural norms. Additionally, the role of historical trauma is addressed in the context of potential overdiagnosis of personality disorders in Indigenous persons, and the implications of misdiagnosis in migrants, ethnic minorities, and Indigenous populations are elaborated. Finally, clinical implications are discussed, outlining various diagnostic steps, including an assessment of temperament/character, developmental history, systemic/family dynamics, migration processes, cultural dimensions, and possible historical trauma.

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