The Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Social Skill Training among Schizophrenia with Risk of Violent Behavior

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a condition in which people suffer from impaired ability to think, perceive, and show emotional responses and interact socially. Patients with schizophrenia can experience the risk of violent behavior (RVB). Psychotherapy is needed to deal with the problem. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and social skill training (SST) on signs and symptoms of risks of violent behavior (RVB). METHODOLOGY: This study employed a quasi-experimental without a control group. The research samples used purposive sampling were 30 patients with symptoms of risks of violent behavior. Meanwhile, the measurement used the sign and symptom questioners of risks of violent behavior (Z = 0.791). RESULT: This study revealed that signs and symptoms decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.45 to 5.41 after the respondents had obtained the CBT. Moreover, after the respondents had received CBT and SST, the sign and symptoms decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 5.41 to 0.52. CONCLUSION: This study recommends that the combination of CBT and SST be administered to patients with schizophrenia with risks of violent behavior.

Effect of Psycho-Yogic Training Intervention on Selected Psychological Variables of Female Police Recruits

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of an eight-week psycho-yogic training intervention on theselected psychological parameters of female police recruits. Materials and methods. Initially, the study involved 200 FPR. Out of the 200 participants, 100 participants werescreened using the lie score of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Participants were then further divided intotwo groups (i.e., experimental and control) using the stratified random sampling method based on the lie score. Thepsychological variables selected for the study were aggression (physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, andanger), emotional intelligence (self-awareness, managing emotions, self-motivation, empathy, and social skill), anxiety, perceived stress, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem. Tests were conducted pre-training and post-training after eightweeks. Results. The Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference in verbal aggression (p = 0.016), hostility (p = 0.017), managing emotions (p = 0.004), self-motivation (p = 0.004), empathy (p = 0.017), social skill (p= 0.015), anxiety (p = <0.001), perceived stress (p = <0.001), satisfaction with life (p = 0.022), and self-esteem (p = <0.001). Further post-hoc analysis test – Kruskal Wallis revealed that the experimental group improved significantly from pre- to post-test in managing emotions (p = 0.005, d = 0.61, Δ% = 9), self-motivation (p = 0.027, d = 0.57, Δ% = 8.8), social skill (p = 0.002, d= 0.59, Δ% = 10.2), satisfaction with life (p = 0.036, d = 0.5, Δ% = 11.7), and self-esteem (p = <0.001, d = 0.94, Δ% = 17.6). In addition, the experimental group had reduced anxiety (p = <0.001, d = 1.27, Δ% = 59.3) and perceived stress (p = <0.001, d = 1.32, Δ% = 41.7) from pre- to post-testing. On the other hand, the control group showed significant deterioration in physical aggression (p = 0.018, d = 0.58, Δ% = 19.9), verbal aggression (p = 0.017, d = 0.57, Δ% = 17), andhostility (p = 0.013, d = 0.54, Δ% = 17.8). Conclusion. The study findings suggest psycho-yogic training of eight weeks duration to be an effective strategyor method to improve the psychological parameters of female police recruits.

Mothers’ Perspectives on Resistance and Defiance in Middle Childhood: Promoting Autonomy and Social Skill

This study explored mothers’ perceptions of their children’s resistance to their requests and defiance of parental authority during middle childhood and early adolescence. We were interested in parental perceptions of change in resistance, their interpretations of the meaning of resistance, and parental responses to these behaviors. Forty Canadian mothers of children 9–13 years of age participated for one week in a study focused on parents’ experiences of children’s resistance and opposition. Procedures consisted of a qualitative analysis of mothers’ reports from a five-day event diary and a 1 h semi-structured interview. Mothers reported developmental changes in the quantity and quality of children’s resistance to parental requests and expectations. Most mothers reported increasing displays of defiance and direct and indirect expressions of attitude but also noted changes in the skill with which children expressed resistance. Mothers interpreted children’s resistance as annoying but normal expressions of children’s developing autonomy. Mothers supported children’s right to expression of agency through resistance but attempted to channel children’s resistance toward socially competent expressions of assertiveness. The findings have implications for a relational perspective on autonomy-supportive parenting and parents’ goals for children’s developing social competence in the 21st century.

Generasi Alpha: Dampak Penggunaan Gawai Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Gadgets have become an important necessity in the digital age. This phenomenon not only occurs among adults but also in children. The youngest generation today is known as Gen A or Alpha generation. experts predict this generation is most familiar with technology, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic so it needs guidance from older people because children will not gain social-emotional abilities if only interact with the device. The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of devices used in the lives of the Alpha generation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research methods use qualitative methods, with descriptive approaches and data collection methods of research libraries. Research shows that the challenges of educating children are becoming increasingly complicated, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. 29% AUD in 2020 in Indonesia using gadgets. This is due to changes in learning methods that occur during pandemics, as well as parents who let children play with gadgets without proper control, then they experience addiction, thus affecting motor, cognitive, and psychological development, as well as creativity. Screen time excessive risk experiencing speech delay, disturbance, weakness social skill and even brain damage. On the other hand, gadgets have a positive impact such as adding science and entertainment. Parents play an important role in controlling children in the use of gadgets so that they avoid addiction to give birth to the golden generation in the future.

Dodawanie otuchy jako forma wzmocnienia ludzkości nie tylko w czasie pandemii. Międzygeneracyjna transmisja przesłania Wincentego Kadłubka

Offering Reassurance as a Form of Strengthening Humanity Not Only during a Pandemic. The Inter-Generational Transmission of Wincenty Kadłubek’s Message Master Wincenty (ca. 1150–1223), who has been known as Kadłubek since the 15th century, was an unquestionable ally of mankind and especially of Poles. In his work entitled Magistrii Vincentii Chronicon Polonorum he encouraged his readers not to neglect reassurance and to seek it wherever possible. He also advised people to try to enjoy offering reassurance to others and to lead a good life connected with faith in God, which in his belief constitutes the most reliable “safeguard of your happiness”. This article aims to provide answers to several questions (and at the same time to solve a number of related research problems), How does Wincenty perceive reassurance and what significance does he attribute to offering it to other people? What advice does he give on not losing but gaining reassurance and on offering reassurance to others? What factors in his belief constitute stumbling blocks in the process of drawing reassurance for oneself and how to protect oneself against them (i.e., how to prevent their occurrence and how to overcome them)? The use of hermeneutic methods in studying the problems of providing reassurance as a social skill, an element that is very conspicuous in Master Wincenty’s literary output, seems well justified, considering the cognitive and noetic significance of the research subject.

Accuracy in Facial Trustworthiness Impressions: Kernel of Truth or Modern Physiognomy? A Meta-Analysis

Being able to identify trustworthy strangers is a critical social skill. However, whether such impressions are accurate is debatable. Critically, the field currently lacks a quantitative summary of the evidence. To address this gap, we conducted two meta-analyses. We tested whether there is a correlation between perceived and actual trustworthiness across faces, and whether perceivers show above-chance accuracy at assessing trustworthiness. Both meta-analyses revealed significant, modest accuracy (face level, r = .14; perceiver level, r = .27). Perceiver-level effects depended on domain, with aggressiveness and sexual unfaithfulness having stronger effects than agreeableness, criminality, financial reciprocity, and honesty. We also applied research weaving to map the literature, revealing potential biases, including a preponderance of Western studies, a lack of “cross-talk” between research groups, and clarity issues. Overall, this modest accuracy is unlikely to be of practical utility. Moreover, we strongly urge the field to improve reporting standards and generalizability of the results.

EFL Students’ Perception of Speaking Course through Debating Process during the Pandemic

Speaking is one of four crucial skills in English language learning. The pupils communicate and share their thoughts by language in their everyday life. They use language to make an order, to communicate with others, to express their emotions, thoughts and ideas. Speaking is one of the subjects in an English Education Department, the researcher inspired to evaluate whether the debating method increase the student’s speaking skill or not, especially during the outbreak of the corona virus. As the impact of this virus matter, education is one of some fields got impacted, so schools and universities are closed for more than a year. The new way of teaching learning could be a challenge for both students and instructors. Moreover, there is a need to know on how the students’ perception toward the teaching learning process via video conference, was it feel the same. However, this paper investigates the EFL students’ perception of speaking courses through the debating process during the pandemic. This study employing qualitative narrative inquiry. The data gathered from some the experiences of three Indonesian EFL students in university. The author was done collected the data conducted a semi-structured interview using a call through messages application. The study found that the participants’ perceptions toward speaking course conducted via video conference encourage their critical thinking, their team-work, students’ social skill and their interest towards the subject. It seems that the debate technique is impacted the students positively by promoting their critical thinking, social skill, team work and students’ satisfaction towards the subject.

Technology Tools Available for Implementing Social Skill Instruction

General and special education teachers report feeling inadequate in providing social skill instruction to students. Yet, researchers and government bodies (ASELA, 2015) report students receiving social skill instruction display marked improvements in: (a) motivation to learn, (b) commitment to school, (c) time devoted to schoolwork, (d) mastery of subject matter, (e) school attendance, (f) graduation rates, (g) grades, and (h) test scores. Numerous technology tools are available to assist educators in providing social skill instruction to students with disabilities. However, determining a student's social skill need and finding tools that utilize effective research-based interventions can be a time-consuming and daunting task for educators. In this article, the authors provide a streamlined process for determining an individual student’s social skill instructional need and present technology tools available that utilize high-leverage and evidence-based practices (EBPs) to provide instruction for these targeted areas.

STRATEGIES AND TACTICS OF SMALL TALK AS COMPONENTS OF INTERCULTURAL BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

The article examines the problem of business communication and inclusion of phatic communication in the form of small talk while developing communicative skills of university students when studying Business Communication in English. Strategies and tactics of the English phatic genre of small talk are structurally analyzed from the point of view of linguistic means. The authors conclude that an adequate choice of strategies and tactics for small talk aimed at successful conduct of intercultural business communication is the social skill necessary for university students.