scholarly journals Changes in distributed neural circuitry function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mendrek ◽  
K. R. Laurens ◽  
K. A. Kiehl ◽  
E. T. C. Ngan ◽  
E. Stip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Stable Characteristic ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundA number of functional brain abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenia, but it remains to be determined which of them represent trait and state markers of the illness.AimsTo delineate regional brain dysfunctions that remain stable and those that fluctuate during the course of schizophrenia.MethodA cohort of patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a matched group of control participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging on two occasions 6–8 weeks apart during performance of a working memory task. The patients' disease was in partial remission at the second scan.ResultsRelative to control participants, the function of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left thalamus and right cerebellum remained disturbed in the people with schizophrenia, whereas the dysfunction of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right thalamus, left cerebellum and cingulate gyrus normalised, with significant reduction in symptoms.ConclusionsThese results suggest that dysfunction of the left fronto-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry is a relatively stable characteristic of schizophrenia, whereas disturbance of the right circuitry and cingulate gyrus is predominantly a state-related phenomenon.

scholarly journals Proactive and reactive cognitive control and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in first episode schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 590-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler A. Lesh ◽  
Andrew J. Westphal ◽  
Tara A. Niendam ◽  
Jong H. Yoon ◽  
Michael J. Minzenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Null Effect of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Behavioral Performance in a Go/NoGo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Tatsunori Watanabe ◽  
Nami Kubo ◽  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Keisuke Yunoki ◽  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), which can modulate cortical excitability, would influence inhibitory control function when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Young healthy adults (n = 8, mean age ± SD = 24.4 ± 4.1, six females) received the following stimulations for 30 min on different days: (1) tSMS over the left DLPFC, (2) tSMS over the right DLPFC, and (3) sham stimulation over either the left or right DLPFC. The participants performed a Go/NoGo task before, immediately after, and 10 min after the stimulation. They were instructed to extend the right wrist in response to target stimuli. We recorded the electromyogram from the right wrist extensor muscles and analyzed erroneous responses (false alarm and missed target detection) and reaction times. As a result, 50% of the participants made erroneous responses, and there were five erroneous responses in total (0.003%). A series of statistical analyses revealed that tSMS did not affect the reaction time. These preliminary findings suggest the possibility that tSMS over the DLPFC is incapable of modulating inhibitory control and/or that the cognitive load imposed in this study was insufficient to detect the effect.

scholarly journals Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Evoked Potential Amplitudes and Latencies in the Motor and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex among Young, Older Healthy Participants, and Schizophrenia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Noda ◽  
Mera S. Barr ◽  
Reza Zomorrodi ◽  
Robin F. H. Cash ◽  
Pantelis Lioumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Background: The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for non-invasive investigation of cortical response and connectivity in human cortex. This study aimed to examine the amplitudes and latencies of each TMS-evoked potential (TEP) component induced by single-pulse TMS (spTMS) to the left motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among healthy young participants (YNG), older participants (OLD), and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods: We compared the spatiotemporal characteristics of TEPs induced by spTMS among the groups. Results: Compared to YNG, M1-spTMS induced lower amplitudes of N45 and P180 in OLD and a lower amplitude of P180 in SCZ, whereas the DLPFC-spTMS induced a lower N45 in OLD. Further, OLD demonstrated latency delays in P60 after M1-spTMS and in N45-P60 over the right central region after left DLPFC-spTMS, whereas SCZ demonstrated latency delays in N45-P60 over the midline and right central regions after DLPFC-spTMS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms mediating TEPs may be altered in OLD and SCZ. The amplitude and latency changes of TEPs with spTMS may reflect underlying neurophysiological changes in OLD and SCZ, respectively. The spTMS administered to M1 and the DLPFC can probe cortical functions by examining TEPs. Thus, TMS-EEG can be used to study changes in cortical connectivity and signal propagation from healthy to pathological brains.

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