scholarly journals Incidence of unipolar and bipolar depression, and mania in adults with intellectual disabilities: prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Elita Smiley ◽  
Linda Allan ◽  
Jillian Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

BackgroundIncidence and determinants of affective disorders among adults with intellectual disabilities are unknown.AimsTo investigate affective disorder incidence, and determinants of unipolar depression, compared with general population reports.MethodProspective cohort study measuring mental ill health of adults with mild to profound intellectual disabilities living within a defined community, over 2 years.ResultsThere was 70% cohort retention (n = 651). Despite high mood stabiliser use (22.4%), 2-year incident mania at 1.1% is higher than the general population; 0.3% for first episode (standardised incident ratio (SIR) = 41.5, or 52.7 excluding Down syndrome). For any bipolar episode the SIR was 2.0 (or 2.5 excluding Down syndrome). Depression incidence at 7.2% is similar to the general population (SIR = 1.2), suggesting more enduring/undertreatment given the higher prevalence. Problem behaviours (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3) and life events (OR = 1.3) predict incident unipolar depression.ConclusionsDepression needs improved treatment. Mania has received remarkably little attention in this population, despite high prevalence and incidence (similar to schizophrenia), and given the importance of clinician awareness for accurate differential diagnosis from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and problem behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

Injuries, falls and accidents among adults with intellectual disabilities. Prospective cohort study

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 966-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Finlayson ◽  
J. Morrison ◽  
A. Jackson ◽  
D. Mantry ◽  
S.-A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Physical comorbidity in Older-Age Bipolar Disorder (OABD) compared to the general population - a 3-year longitudinal prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J.M. Beunders ◽  
Almar A.L. Kok ◽  
Panagiotis C. Kosmas ◽  
Aartjan T.F. Beekman ◽  
Caroline M. Sonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Older Age

scholarly journals Substance-induced psychosis as a risk factor for unipolar depression or anxiety disorders: A nationwide register-based prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Hjorthøj ◽  
Benjamin Arnfred ◽  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Stine Bjerrum Møller ◽  
Merete Nordentoft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Unipolar Depression

scholarly journals Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Visible Age-Related Signs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study”

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Christoffersen ◽  
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
Gorm B. Jensen ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Sleep deficiency and motor vehicle crash risk in the general population: a prospective cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Gottlieb ◽  
Jeffrey M. Ellenbogen ◽  
Matt T. Bianchi ◽  
Charles A. Czeisler
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Sleep Deficiency

scholarly journals Rates, causes, place and predictors of mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome: cohort study with record linkage

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e036465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Linda Allan ◽  
Nicola Greenlaw ◽  
Paula McSkimming ◽  
Adam Jasilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

ObjectivesTo investigate mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities: rates, causes, place, demographic and clinical predictors.DesignCohort study with record linkage to death data.SettingGeneral community.Participants961/1023 (94%) adults (16–83 years; mean=44.1 years; 54.6% male) with intellectual disabilities, clinically examined in 2001–2004; subsequently record-linked to their National Health Service number, allowing linkage to death certificate data, 2018.Outcome measuresStandardised mortality ratios (SMRs), underlying and all contributing causes of death, avoidable deaths, place, and demographic and clinical predictors of death.Results294/961 (30.6%) had died; 64/179 (35.8%) with Down syndrome, 230/783 (29.4%) without Down syndrome. SMR overall=2.24 (1.98, 2.49); Down syndrome adults=5.28 (3.98, 6.57), adults without Down syndrome=1.93 (1.68, 2.18); male=1.69 (1.42, 1.95), female=3.48 (2.90, 4.06). SMRs decreased as age increased. More severe intellectual disabilities increased SMR, but ability was not retained in the multivariable model. SMRs were higher for most International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision chapters. For adults without Down syndrome, aspiration/reflux/choking and respiratory infection were the the most common underlying causes of mortality; for Down syndrome adults ‘Down syndrome’, and dementia were most common. Amenable deaths (29.8%) were double that in the general population (14%); 60.3% died in hospital. Mortality risk related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/tube fed, Down syndrome, diabetes, lower respiratory tract infection at cohort-entry, smoking, epilepsy, hearing impairment, increasing number of prescribed drugs, increasing age. Bowel incontinence reduced mortality risk.ConclusionsAdults with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome have different SMRs and causes of death which should be separately reported. Both die younger, from different causes than other people. Some mortality risks are similar to other people, with earlier mortality reflecting more multimorbidity; amenable deaths are also common. This should inform actions to reduce early mortality, for example, training to avoid aspiration/choking, pain identification to address problems before they are advanced, and reasonable adjustments to improve healthcare quality.

Epidemiology of Polypharmacy in the General Population: 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177-1179
Author(s):  
Silvan Licher ◽  
Brenda C.T. Kieboom ◽  
Loes E. Visser ◽  
Gijsbertus Ziere ◽  
Rikje Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort

scholarly journals Sperm mitochondrial DNA biomarkers and couple fecundity

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2619-2625
Author(s):  
Allyson J Rosati ◽  
Brian W Whitcomb ◽  
Nicole Brandon ◽  
Germaine M Buck Louis ◽  
Sunni L Mumford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Lower Odds

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do sperm mitochondrial DNA measures predict probability of pregnancy among couples in the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER Those with high sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) had as much as 50% lower odds of cycle-specific pregnancy, and 18% lower probability of pregnancy within 12 months. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Semen parameters have been found to poorly predict reproductive success yet are the most prevalent diagnostic tool for male infertility. Increased sperm mtDNAcn and mitochondrial DNA deletions (mtDNAdel) have been associated with decreased semen quality and lower odds of fertilization in men seeking fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A population-based prospective cohort study of couples discontinuing contraception to become pregnant recruited from 16 US counties from 2005 to 2009 followed for up to 16 months. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel from 384 semen samples were assessed via triplex probe-based quantitative PCR. Probability of pregnancy within 1 year was compared by mitochondrial DNA, and discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relations with time-to-pregnancy (TTP) with adjustment for covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Higher sperm mtDNAcn was associated with lower pregnancy probability within 12 months and longer TTP. In unadjusted comparisons by quartile (Q), those in Q4 had a pregnancy probability of 63.5% (95% CI: 53.1% to 73.1%) compared to 82.3% (95% CI: 73.2% to 89.9%) for Q1 (P = 0.002). Similar results were observed in survival analyses adjusting for covariates to estimate fecundability odds ratios (FORs) comparing mtDNAcn in quartiles. Relative to those in Q1 of mtDNAcn, FORs (95% CI) were for Q2 of 0.78 (0.52 to 1.16), Q3 of 0.65 (0.44 to 0.96) and Q4 of 0.55 (0.37 to 0.81), and this trend of decreasing fecundability with increasing mtDNAcn quartile was statistically significant (FOR per log mtDNAcn = 0.37; P < 0.001). Sperm mtDNAdel was not associated with TTP. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This prospective cohort study consisted primarily of Caucasian men and women and thus large diverse cohorts are necessary to confirm the associations between sperm mtDNAcn and couple pregnancy success in other races/ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that sperm mtDNAcn has utility as a biomarker of male reproductive health and probability of pregnancy success in the general population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R01-ES028298; PI: J.R.P.) and the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Contracts N01-HD-3-3355, N01-HD-3-3356 and N01-HD-3-3358). The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

Mediterranean diet and mortality in the elderly: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Alessandro Gialluisi ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prolonged Survival

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with prolonged survival in the general population, but no meta-analysis has apparently investigated the potential health benefits in relation to mortality in the elderly. We performed a longitudinal analysis on 5200 individuals aged ≥65 years identified within the general population recruited in the Moli-sani study cohort (2005–2010). Adherence to the MD was appraised by the a priori Mediterranean diet score (MDS; range 0–9). Survival estimates were derived using Cox regression and competing risk models. For the meta-analysis, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from inception until April 2018 to identify prospective studies on the MD and death risk in the elderly. Over a median follow-up of 8·1 years, a total of 900 deaths were ascertained in the elderly sub-sample of the Moli-sani cohort. A one-point increase in the MDS was associated with lower risk of all-cause, coronary artery disease/cerebrovascular and non-cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality (multi-variable hazard ratio (HR)=0·94; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·98; HR=0·91; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99 and HR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·96, respectively). In a meta-analysis of seven prospective studies, including our results, for a total of 11 738 participants and 3874 deaths, one-point increment in MDS was associated with 5 % (4–7 %) lower risk of all-cause death. An inverse linear dose–response relationship was found from a meta-analysis including three studies. In conclusion, a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis showed that closer adherence to the MD was associated with prolonged survival in elderly individuals, suggesting the appropriateness for older persons to adopt/preserve the MD to maximise their prospects for survival.

Spontaneous abortion: A prospective cohort study of younger women from the general population in Denmark. Validation, occurrence and risk determinants

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Buss ◽  
J. Tolstrup ◽  
C. Munk ◽  
T. Bergholt ◽  
B. Ottesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Risk Determinants
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