Toxæmia in the Etiology of Mental Disease. a Discussion opened

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 434-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Clouston
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Association ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

Dr. Clouston said that when he suggested toxæmia to the secretary as a suitable subject for a discussion at this meeting he had not intended to be the first speaker, because his object was to bring out more fully the views of the younger members who had recently committed themselves so strongly to the toxæmic and bacterial etiology of insanity, and so to get light thrown on some of the difficulties which he and others had felt in applying this theory to many of their cases in practice. It was not that he did not believe in the toxic theory as explaining the onset of many cases, or that he under-rated its importance, but that he could not see how it applied so universally or generally as some of the modern pathological school were now inclined to insist on. He knew that it was difficult for those of the older psychological and clinical school to approach the subject with that full knowledge of recent bacteriological and pathological doctrine which the younger men possessed, or to breathe that all-pervading pathological atmosphere which they seemed to inhale. He desired to conduct this discussion in an absolutely non-controversial and purely scientific spirit. To do so he thought it best to put his facts, objections, and difficulties in a series of propositions which could be answered and explained by the other side. He thought it important to define toxæmia, but should be willing to accept Dr. Ford Robertson's definition of toxines, viz., “Substances which are taken up by the (cortical nerve) cell and then disorder its metabolism.” He took the following extracts from his address at the Cheltenham meeting of the British Association (1) as representing Dr. Ford Robertson's views and the general trend of much investigation and hypothesis on the Continent.

Complete and defective agreement in Kutchi

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-288
Author(s):  
Stefan Keine ◽  
Trupti Nisar ◽  
Rajesh Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stark Contrast ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Split Ergativity ◽  
Do So

We describe and analyze the previously undocumented verbal agreement system of Kutchi (Indo-Aryan). We argue that Kutchi instantiates a novel type of split ergativity. First, it exhibits an aspect split in that agreement in non-perfective clauses behaves on a par with agreement in intransitive perfective clauses, in stark contrast to transitive perfective clauses. A striking property of Kutchi is that these asymmetries manifest themselves in the richness of agreement. In the former configurations, the verb agrees with the subject for person, number and gender. In the latter, on the other hand, agreement is systematically defective and reliable fails to cross-references certain φ-features. In addition to this aspect split, Kutchi displays a person split: While the verb normally agrees with the subject, it surprisingly fails to do so in transitive perfective clauses with a 1st person subject. Instead, it is the object that triggers agreement in these configurations, likewise in a defective manner. We will argue that these agreement asymmetries are syntactic in nature rather than morphological. Our analysis builds on, and extends, previous work by Laka (2006) and Coon (2010).

Nucleoprotein in the Nerve Cells of Mental Patients: A Critical Remark

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (398) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meyer ◽  
M. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Remark ◽  
Apical Process ◽  
Brain Material ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Recent Monograph

Hydén and Hartelius in a recent monograph (1) described nerve cell abnormalities which they consider to be characteristic of mental disease. Their investigations were based on biopsies obtained during prefrontal leucotomy carried out in 11 psychotic patients, 10 of whom belonged to the schizophrenic group. The biopsies were investigated by means of the ultraviolet microscope and the results compared with brain material from normal patients fixed a few hours after death. Two types of abnormal nerve cells were found in the psychotic patients: one type is narrow and shrunken with corkscrew-shaped apical process and appears dark in the photographs in contrast to the other type which is swollen and appears light in the photographs. Both these cells lacked polynucleotides in their cell bodies and contained only a small amount of other protein substances, as shown by the ultraviolet absorption spectra.

28 USC § 1782—looking for consensus

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
David J Stute
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Since the 1948 enactment of 28 USC § 1782 in the United States, no consensus has emerged as to the availability of federal court discovery to parties in private foreign or international arbitral proceedings. This year, within months of one another, six federal courts have issued rulings that are widely inconsistent on the availability of section 1782 discovery. The courts have ruled that a proceeding before a private international arbitral tribunal is eligible for section 1782 discovery; that, categorically, no such discovery is available; that the definition of private arbitral tribunal applies to CIETAC; and that discovery is available by virtue of a party’s parallel pursuit of discovery through foreign civil proceedings. As these cases demonstrate, recent US court decisions have brought no predictability, let alone certainty, to the subject. Congress, on the other hand, could and should amend the statute so as to include private tribunals in the scope of section 1782. This article discusses the case law’s state of disarray; proposes a legislative solution; considers the proposed amendment’s merits; and advocates for Congress to act.

What Does It Mean to Do Math in Today's Classrooms?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Sherrie Martinie ◽  
Cheryl Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematics Class ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Definition Of

According to Marilyn Burns, students will define mathematics based on how they do math. If the majority of their time is spent reciting a list of properties and following a sequence of steps to solve equations, students will think that algebra involves only memorizing a list of rules. If they spend most of their time in geometry practicing vocabulary, they will look at it as simply being a subject in which they spout back definitions. If they spend the majority of their time on paper-and-pencil computation, they will think that mathematics simply involves performing isolated operations on numbers (Burns 1995). On the other hand, students will have a very different definition of the subject if the focus in the mathematics class is on understanding concepts and developing meaningful procedures. Students can learn all of the activities above in a way that will allow them to apply these skills to new situations or know when to use a particular skill or piece of factual knowledge.

Excellence Is by No Means Enough

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Stanley N. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Special Obligation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This essay asks the question “What would it mean to be a just university?” and answers to that the question may be understood in two ways. One way to understand “just” is procedural, having to do with internal governance and ensuring that a university’s policies are themselves just. The other is substantive, having to do with the university’s purpose or reason for existing. The second assumes the university is to serve some function necessary for the general good. This good is often defined in material terms: fostering a stronger economy, medical breakthroughs, more efficient use of natural resources, and so on. But such a view of the university defines its value entirely by factors external to itself. Proponents of one definition of the university’s purpose typically acknowledge some validity in the other, and universities commonly strive to fulfill the claims of both definitions. But universities also have an obligation to teach the young and to do so within the context of a common set of values that both determines the setting in which teaching takes place and encourages students to develop values that will shape their own lives. Katz argues in particular that intellectuals have a special obligation to work cooperatively to eliminate intellectual obstacles that stand in the way of commensuration, communication, and comprehension globally. It is this responsibility that he calls “intellectual philanthropy.”

scholarly journals The Rights of Minorities in International Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mihandoost ◽  
Bahman Babajanian
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Present Article ◽  
International Society ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Definition Of

Today human right is of great importance. The existence of different minorities such as lingual, ethnic, racial, and religious minorities with different tendencies derived from different civilizations and cultures has brought about social and cultural varieties and differences in each country and also the emergence of this variety has resulted in the development of variety in a specific culture and ceremony in different countries. On the other hand, each country as a member of international society has to observe norms and principles accepted by international society. In other words, although preparation of constitution of each country depends on exclusive qualification of the country’s people and government, it does not mean they are free in each law because international legitimacy of each country’s government and constitution depends on observation of the accepted principles and the governing rules in international law. The subject of minorities was first introduced in Vienna Congress and today different minorities live in different countries. In international documents and treaties, a precise definition of minority has not been provided. The present article seeks to interpret minority rights according to international law and investigate minority rights in international law by using international documents.

scholarly journals Der Spannungsbogen von Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit. Eine phänomenologisch-anthropologische Reflexion / The Unsolved Tension between Autonomy and Vulnerability

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 349-363
Author(s):  
Alice Pugliese
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Summary A phenomenological approach to anthropology should not propose a static definition of man, but inquire into specific human motivations, which never occur isolated. Therefore, the autonomy-dependency connection is presented as a possible human motivational ground. The notion of autonomy, presented with reference to the Kantian idea of the self-determining reason and to the Husserlian account of self-constitution, reveals in itself elements of dependency. On the other side, the notion of vulnerability and reliance is displayed through different approaches of Gehlen, MacIntyre and Toombs in order to illustrate dependency not as a mere capitulation of the subject, but as one of its intrinsic possibilities, which does not exclude autonomous will.

scholarly journals الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نماذج من الحديث النبوي الشريف: قراءة نحوية نصية (Relational Functions of Conditional Phrase in the Prophetic Sayings: A Textual Grammatical Reading)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
عبد المهدي هاشم (Abdel Mahdi Hasyim al-Jarrah)
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

ملخص البحث:   يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نماذج من الحديث النبوي الشريف دراسة نحوية نصية؛ وذلك لإبراز مظاهرها من جهة، وبيان دورها البنائي لنص الحديث من جهة أخرى. تناول البحث بداية مفهوم الشرط، ثم التعالق الشرطي بوصفه بنية نحوية نصية، وانتقل بعد ذلك إلى الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نصوص الحديث النبوي الشريف. قام الباحث بعملية استقرائية تحليلية لنصوص الأحاديث النبوية الشريفة، وقد اختار عينات ممثلة لبنية الشرط في هذه الأحاديث، معتمداً على نسخة "صحيح" البخاري. للبحث منهج خاص تمثل في تركيزه على جانب العلاقات، والدخول في إبراز الوظائف العلائقية من منظور لساني حديث، وليس من منظور وصفي، فالغــرض هو التحــليل والغوص في أعمــاق الأثر اللساني النصي للشرط في نص الحديث، أي: سبر أغوار الشــرط في نص الحديث من منـــظور نحوي نصي، وله أيضاً ميزة خاصة تتمثل في أنه يبحث في كلام سيد الكائنات صلى الله عليه وسلــم، وإنها رحــــلة عذبة، تدفع في النفس السرور والراحة والطمأنينة، وإنه باعث على التعلم الجاد والتعليم الفاعل. انتهى البحث إلى أن وظائف الشرط العلائقية قد أثرت بصورة فاعلة في بناء نص الحديث، وقد تمثلت هذه الوظائف بتأسيس مبدأ الدورية، ثم الوظيفة التسلسلية التوضيحية، وبناء استراتيجية الحوار، والتواتر الإحالي، وتأسيس التوازي، وأخيراً البعد التحديدي بأنواعه: المستقل، والتبعي، والسببي.الكلمات المفتاحية: الوظائف- العلائقية- الشرط- نحو النص- الحديث النبوي.Abstract:This paper attempts to study grammatically and textually the functions of conditional phrase in selected of the Prophet’s Traditions. It aims at pointing out its features on one hand, and explaining its structural role on the other. It begins with the definition of conditional phrase, its relational condition as a textual grammatical structure. The relational functions of condition in the prophetic sayings will be examined afterwards. The researcher uses deductive and analytical approach to examine the sayings from the collection of Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī in order to find the relational functions of the conditional phrase from the perspective of modern linguistic but not descriptively. This is in order to uncover and analyze the depth of textual linguistic presence of conditional phrase in the Prophet’s Traditions. The study is special in the sense that it studies the Prophet’s Traditions and it   worthy endeavor that brings comfort and excitement to the souls. It brings   to a serious learning and teaching undertaking of the subject matter. The study concludes that functional relational conditions have significant influence on the structure of the sayings. These functions are apparent in the principle of periodicity and have the serial function that aims to explain. It also helps to build conversation strategy, referential succession and the determinative dimension with it categories; independent, consequential and causal.Keywords: Functions– Relational– Condition– Textual Grammar– Prophetic Sayings. Abstrak:Makalah ini membincangkan fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat dalam hadis Nabi terhadap tatabahasa teks; iaitu dengan menonjol dan menerangkan sifat-sifat serta peranan yang dimainkan oleh frasa syarat sebagai frasa berstruktur. Makalah ini dimulai dengan definisi frasa syarat dan hubungannya sebagai struktur tatabahasa. Seterusnya, makalah ini mengkaji fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat dalam hadis Nabi. Penyelidik telah menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dan analitis untuk mengkaji hadis-hadis yang terdapat dalam Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī, agar fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat diperoleh menurut perspektif linguistik moden dan bukan secara deskriptif. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap dan menganalisa kewujudan teks linguistik bagi frasa syarat yang terdapat dalam hadis Nabi secara mendalam. Justeru, kajian ini penting dalam mengkaji sabda Rasul Allah S.A.W., malah merupakan antara usaha murni dalam mendalami hadis Nabi yang dianggap sebagai penawar hati dan penenang jiwa. Kajian mendapati fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat meninggalkan kesan mendalam terhadap struktur hadis. Fungsi-fungsi ini diihat lebih jelas pada struktur berkala dan mempunyai fungsi bersiri yang bertindak sebagai penerangan. Ia juga dapat membantu dalam membina strategi perbualan dan penentu pelbagai dimensi iaitu bebas, akibat dan penyebab.     Kata kunci: Fungsi-fungsi- Hubungan- Syarat- Tatabahasa Teks- Hadis Nabi.

scholarly journals SUBALTERNITY IN AMITAV GHOSH’S SEA OF POPPIES: REPRESENTATION OF INDIAN WOMEN’S STRUGGLE AGAINST PATRIARCHY

Prosodi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sophia Kiki Artanti ◽  
Mamik Tri Wedati
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Indian Woman ◽  
Amitav Ghosh ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subaltern Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Subaltern Subject ◽  
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

This study analyses the subaltern that represented by Deeti in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies. The subject of the subaltern as an Indian woman is struggling against patriarchy in society. This study uses the postcolonialism theory, including the theory of subaltern to analyze the representation of the subaltern subject who fights against patriarchy. That subject represented by Indian women as the subject of the subaltern. The narration of Deeti in the first Trilogy Sea of Poppies by Amitav Ghosh is the main focus of this study. This study using postcolonialism theory from Homi K. Bhabha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, then subaltern theory also using Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak which describes how 'colonialized subject' lives and theories from Sylvia Walby and Gerda Lerner for the definition of patriarchy. So, this study mainly about how patriarchy will be related to Deeti as the subaltern explained by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. The data will be taken from many aspects such as dialogues, a depiction of the situation, characters, etc. This study analyzed two problems, which are (1) How is subalternity represented in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies? (2) How do Indian Women’s struggle to fight against patriarchy in Sea of Poppies by Amitav Ghosh? The results of this study show that Subaltern represented by Indian Women. Then the struggle of Deeti as an Indian Woman and the other characters fights against the patriarchy.

scholarly journals Dialogiczność jako warunek konstytuowania się podmiotu. Refleksje wokół Sporu o podmiotowość

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-298
Author(s):  
Alicja Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethical Situation ◽  
Taking Responsibility

The aim of  the  paper  is  to  show  the  conditions  of  subjectivity constitution in terms of dialogue and the figure of the Other. The analytical and hermeneutical approach I hold is the foundation of interdisciplinary attempt to describe  possible  concepts  of  shared  relation of the terms: consciousness, subjectivity and identity. The three appear to be recognized only in the ethical situation. It requires taking responsibility for the Other, for giving him the identity which mirrors one’s subjectivity. In this way the subject learns the limits and chances for gaining self-knowledge. The paper also presents a new approach towards redefining the definition of subjectivity, which includes artificially and medically enhanced entities.

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