scholarly journals Semantic priming in schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pomarol-Clotet ◽  
T. M. S. S. Oh ◽  
K. R. Laws ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
General Slowing ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Influential Theory ◽  
Normal Controls

BackgroundIncreased semantic priming is an influential theory of thought disorder in schizophrenia. However, studies to date have had conflicting findings.AimsTo investigate semantic memory in patients with schizophrenia with and without thought disorder.MethodData were pooled from 36 studies comparing patients with schizophrenia and normal controls in semantic priming tasks. Data from 18 studies comparing patients with thought disorder with normal controls, and 13 studies comparing patients with and without thought disorder were also pooled.ResultsThere was no support for altered semantic priming in schizophrenia as a whole. Increased semantic priming in patients with thought disorder was supported, but this was significant only in comparison with normal controls and not in comparison with patients without thought disorder. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and general slowing of reaction time moderated the effect size for priming in patients with thought disorder.ConclusionsMeta-analysis provides qualified support for increased semantic priming as a psychological abnormality underlying thought disorder. However, the possibility that the effect is an artefact of general slowing of reaction time in schizophrenia has not been excluded.

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

Sequential Stereotype Priming: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara K. Kidder ◽  
Katherine R. White ◽  
Michelle R. Hinojos ◽  
Mayra Sandoval ◽  
Stephen L. Crites
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Stereotype Priming ◽  
Explicit Measures

Psychological interest in stereotype measurement has spanned nearly a century, with researchers adopting implicit measures in the 1980s to complement explicit measures. One of the most frequently used implicit measures of stereotypes is the sequential priming paradigm. The current meta-analysis examines stereotype priming, focusing specifically on this paradigm. To contribute to ongoing discussions regarding methodological rigor in social psychology, one primary goal was to identify methodological moderators of the stereotype priming effect—whether priming is due to a relation between the prime and target stimuli, the prime and target response, participant task, stereotype dimension, stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and stimuli type. Data from 39 studies yielded 87 individual effect sizes from 5,497 participants. Analyses revealed that stereotype priming is significantly moderated by the presence of prime–response relations, participant task, stereotype dimension, target stimulus type, SOA, and prime repetition. These results carry both practical and theoretical implications for future research on stereotype priming.

Role of Practice and Stimulus-Onset-Asynchrony in Modulating Effects of Stimulus Repetition, Category Relation, and Response Compatibility in the Eriksen Flanker Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1096
Author(s):  
Huazhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Response Compatibility ◽  
Stimulus Repetition ◽  
Response Facilitation ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

In the Eriksen flanker task, irrelevant information influences reaction time based on three types of relationships between target and flanker, Stimulus Repetition, Category Relation, and Response Compatibility. The effects of Stimulus Repetition and Category Relation refer to the finding that reaction time is faster when the target and flankers are the same or belong to the same category, respectively. The effect of Response Compatibility refers to the finding that reaction time is faster when the target and flankers are assigned to the same response than to different responses. Two experiments were designed to examine whether these effects vary with practice and stimulus-onset-asynchrony. It was shown that the effects of Stimulus Repetition and Category Relation occurred only when the flankers preceded the target by 200 msec. The effect of Response Compatibility, however, occurred regardless of stimulus-onset-asynchrony. Furthermore, limited practice seems necessary for the occurrence of response facilitation.

scholarly journals Return to Driving After Hip and Knee Arthroscopic Procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Palma ◽  
Purva Patel ◽  
Jeya Palan ◽  
HG Pandit ◽  
BH Van Duren
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Arthroscopic Procedures

Background: Hip and knee arthroscopies are common orthopaedic procedures. As patients are looking to return to their regular schedules and regain their independence post-surgery, physicians often encounter the question of, “when can I drive again?” While safety of the patient is of the utmost importance when making these recommendations, it is equally important to consider the possibility of harm to others and potential legal ramifications. The purpose of this study is to consolidate evidence from available literature and undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine when it is safe for patients to return to driving after hip and knee arthroscopic procedures.  Methods:  A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. OVID, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were searched through June 2020 for articles containing keywords and/or MeSH terms “Hip arthroscopy” and “knee arthroscopy” in conjunction with “total brake response time” or “reaction time” in the context of automobile driving. Title review and full article review were done to assess quality and select relevant articles. Review Manager Version 5.4 was utilized for statistical analysis.   Results: 8 papers were included in the meta-analysis of Brake Reaction Time (BRT). Meta-analysis of all Knee BRTs showed times slower-than or equal-to-baseline BRTs through 5 weeks, with a trend of improving BRT from 6 to 10 weeks (only weeks 8 and 10 were significant P < 0.05). Of all Hip BRTs, week 2 showed slower-than-baseline BRTs, but after week 4 demonstrated a trend toward faster BRTs through week 8 (only week 8 was significant P < 0.05).   Conclusion: BRTs met baseline/control values and continued to improve after 6 weeks following knee arthroscopy and after 4 weeks following hip arthroscopy. Based on these results it would be safe to recommend return to driving at 6 weeks after knee arthroscopy and 4 weeks after hip arthroscopic procedures.   

Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berna Yalincetin ◽  
Emre Bora ◽  
Tolga Binbay ◽  
Halis Ulas ◽  
Berna Binnur Akdede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder

Doctor when can I drive? Braking response after knee arthroplasty: A systematic review & meta-analysis of brake reaction time

The Knee ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 214-240
Author(s):  
Vasileios Giannoudis ◽  
Stephen Guy ◽  
Richard Romano ◽  
Oliver Carsten ◽  
Hemant Pandit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Semantic Priming Effects in a Lexical Decision Task: Comparing third Graders and College Students in two Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Differences in the semantic priming effect comparing child and adult performance have been found by some studies. However, these differences are not well established, mostly because of the variety of methods used by researchers around the world. One of the main issues concerns the absence of semantic priming effects on children at stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) smaller than 300ms. The aim of this study was to compare the semantic priming effect between third graders and college students at two different SOAs: 250ms and 500ms. Participants performed lexical decisions to targets which were preceded by semantic related or unrelated primes. Semantic priming effects were found at both SOAs in the third graders' group and in college students. Despite the fact that there was no difference between groups in the magnitude of semantic priming effects when SOA was 250ms, at the 500ms SOA their magnitude was bigger in children, corroborating previous studies. Hypotheses which could explain the presence of semantic priming effects in children's performance when SOA was 250ms are discussed, as well as hypotheses for the larger magnitude of semantic priming effects in children when SOA was 500ms.

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