scholarly journals Patterns of cortical thinning in different subgroups of schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Nenadic ◽  
Rachel A. Yotter ◽  
Heinrich Sauer ◽  
Christian Gaser
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundAlterations of cortical thickness have been shown in imaging studies of schizophrenia but it is unclear to what extent they are related to disease phenotype (including symptom profile) or other aspects such as genetic liability, disease onset and disease progression.AimsTo test the hypothesis that cortical thinning would vary across different subgroups of patients with chronic schizophrenia, delineated according to their symptom profiles.MethodWe compared high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data of 87 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia with 108 controls to detect changes in cortical thickness across the entire brain (P<0.05, false discovery rate-adjusted). The patient group was divided into three subgroups, consisting of patients with predominantly negative, disorganised or paranoid symptoms.ResultsThe negative symptoms subgroup showed the most extensive cortical thinning, whereas thinning in the other subgroups was focused in prefrontal and temporal cortical subregions.ConclusionsOur findings support growing evidence of potential subtypes of schizophrenia that have different brain structural deficit profiles.

Prefrontal cortical thickness related to negative symptoms in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychotic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S197-S197
Author(s):  
D. Guinart ◽  
D. Bergé ◽  
A. Mané ◽  
L. Galindo ◽  
O. Vilarroya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
And Gender

IntroductionA significant cortical thinning has been repeatedly observed in adult-onset first-episode schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, mostly in medial and inferior prefrontal cortices. However, it is yet unclear whether all these replicated alterations are related to any particular clinical feature.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate differences of cortical thickness in a sample of first-episode, drug-naive psychotic patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls and explore clinical correlates of these parameters regarding negative symptoms.MethodsHigh-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 23 antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychotic patients and 26 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Clinical features were measured with the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and after a 2-month follow-up period.ResultsNo differences were found regarding age or gender when comparing patients and controls. We found a significant cortical thinning in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex and in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex in patients compared to healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Regarding clinical performance, no correlation was found at baseline between left medial orbitofrontal nor right lateral ortitofrontal cortical thickness and scores of the negative subscale of the PANSS. However, at the 2-month evaluation clinical performances were significantly associated to the left medial orbitofrontal cortical thickness values.ConclusionsCortical thickness alterations in prefontal cortex appear to be present at disease onset and these alterations may relate to clinical outcome. However, our findings must be considered just as exploratory. Larger longitudinal studies may help characterize, replicate and consolidate these findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and Emotional Alterations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical and Imaging Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumia Benbrika ◽  
Franck Doidy ◽  
Laurence Carluer ◽  
Audrey Mondou ◽  
Alice Pélerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: Extra-motor manifestations occur in 50% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These mainly concern cognition, emotional processing and behavior. Depression and anxiety are less frequent. Little is known about how these manifestations change as the disease progresses. Similarly, although cortical thinning has been well-documented at disease onset, there are scant data about cortical thinning over time and how this correlates with extra-motor manifestations. The present study therefore assessed cognitive, emotional and psychological state and cortical thinning in a group of patients with ALS at baseline and after a follow-up period.Methods: We assessed executive functions, facial emotion recognition, depressive and anxious symptoms, and cortical thinning in 43 patients with ALS at baseline, comparing them with 28 healthy controls, and 21 of them 9 months later. We looked for links among the extra-motor manifestations and correlations with cortical thickness.Results: At baseline, patients had poor executive function and recognition of complex emotions from the eyes, and more anxious and depressive symptoms than controls. At follow-up, only inhibition abilities had worsened. Cortical thinning was observed in bilateral pre-central regions and other parts of the cerebral cortex at baseline. Over time, it worsened in motor and extra-motor areas. Executive functions correlated with thinning in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex.Conclusions: During follow-up, there was little deterioration in extra-motor manifestations and psychological state, despite continuing cortical thinning. Patients with affective Theory of Mind (ToM) changes seemed less depressed than the others. Impaired mental flexibility was subtended by prefrontal regions with cortical thinning.

scholarly journals Executive functioning in schizophrenia and the relationship with symptom profile and chronicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN E. GREENWOOD ◽  
ROBIN MORRIS ◽  
THORDUR SIGMUNDSSON ◽  
SABINE LANDAU ◽  
TIL WYKES
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Executive Process ◽  
Executive Impairment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symptom Type

This study reports the executive function profile in people with schizophrenia, with a simultaneous comparison of chronicity and of those with predominately disorganization versus psychomotor poverty symptoms. The patients were split into one set defined according to symptoms (29 with disorganization, 29 with negative symptoms) and the other representing chronicity (22 first-episode, 35 chronic) and compared with 28 healthy controls on a broad range of executive process measures. Differences were investigated in both the severity and profile of impairments. Impairment patterns interacted with symptom groups, with disorganization and psychomotor poverty symptom groups showing different profiles of executive impairment. In contrast, across these same executive processes, impairment profiles were similar between first episode and chronic schizophrenia and became more similar, particularly for working memory, when controlling for disorganization symptoms. The executive profile, therefore, is related to symptom type rather than chronicity. (JINS, 2008, 14, 782–792.)

scholarly journals Orbitofrontal-Striatal Structural Alterations Linked to Negative Symptoms at Different Stages of the Schizophrenia Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
André Schmidt ◽  
Benazir Hodzic-Santor ◽  
Achim Burrer ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Abstract Negative symptoms such as anhedonia and apathy are among the most debilitating manifestations of schizophrenia (SZ). Imaging studies have linked these symptoms to morphometric abnormalities in 2 brain regions implicated in reward and motivation: the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and striatum. Higher negative symptoms are generally associated with reduced OFC thickness, while higher apathy specifically maps to reduced striatal volume. However, it remains unclear whether these tissue losses are a consequence of chronic illness and its treatment or an underlying phenotypic trait. Here, we use multicentre magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities across the SZ spectrum from healthy populations with high schizotypy to unmedicated and medicated first-episode psychosis (FEP), and patients with chronic SZ. Putamen, caudate, accumbens volume, and OFC thickness were estimated from T1-weighted images acquired in all 3 diagnostic groups and controls from 4 sites (n = 337). Results were first established in 1 discovery dataset and replicated in 3 independent samples. There was a negative correlation between apathy and putamen/accumbens volume only in healthy individuals with schizotypy; however, medicated patients exhibited larger putamen volume, which appears to be a consequence of antipsychotic medications. The negative association between reduced OFC thickness and total negative symptoms also appeared to vary along the SZ spectrum, being significant only in FEP patients. In schizotypy, there was increased OFC thickness relative to controls. Our findings suggest that negative symptoms are associated with a temporal continuum of orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities that may predate the occurrence of SZ. Thicker OFC in schizotypy may represent either compensatory or pathological mechanisms prior to the disease onset.

scholarly journals Orbitofrontal-striatal structural alterations linked to negative symptoms at different stages of the schizophrenia spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
André Schmidt ◽  
Benazir Hodzic-Santor ◽  
Achim Burrer ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Episode Psychosis

AbstractAmong the most debilitating manifestations of schizophrenia are negative symptoms such as anhedonia and apathy. Imaging studies have linked these symptoms to morphometric abnormalities in two brain regions implicated in reward and motivation: the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum. Negative symptoms generally are associated with reduced OFC thickness, while apathy specifically maps to reduced striatal volume. However, it remains unclear whether these tissue losses are a consequence of chronic illness and its treatment, or an underlying phenotypic trait. Here we use multicentre MRI data to investigate orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities across the schizophrenia-spectrum from healthy populations with schizotypy, to unmedicated and medicated first-episode psychosis patients, and patients with chronic schizophrenia. Striatal volumes and OFC thickness were estimated from T1-weighted images acquired in all three diagnostic groups and controls from four sites (n=337). Results were first established in one test cohort (“Zurich sample”) and replicated in three independent samples. There was a correlation between apathy and striatal volume only in healthy individuals with schizotypy; however, medicated patients exhibited larger striatal volumes, which appears to be a consequence of antipsychotic medications. The association between reduced OFC thickness and negative symptoms generally also appeared to vary along the disease course, being significant only in first-episode psychosis patients. In schizotypy there was increased OFC relative to controls. Our findings suggest that negative symptoms associate with a temporal continuum of orbitofrontal-striatal abnormalities that may predate the occurrence of schizophrenia. Thicker OFC in schizotypy may represent either compensatory or pathological mechanisms prior to disease-onset.

Do people with schizophrenia display theory of mind deficits in clinical interactions?

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McCABE ◽  
I. LEUDAR ◽  
C. ANTAKI
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Interactions ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Background. Having a ‘theory of mind’ (ToM) means that one appreciates one's own and others' mental states, and that this appreciation guides interactions with others. It has been proposed that ToM is impaired in schizophrenia and experimental studies show that patients with schizophrenia have problems with ToM, particularly during acute episodes. The model predicts that communicative problems will result from ToM deficits.Method. We analysed 35 encounters (>80 h of recordings) between mental health professionals and people with chronic schizophrenia (out-patient consultations and cognitive behaviour therapy sessions) using conversation analysis in order to identify how the participants used or failed to use ToM relevant skills in social interaction.Results. Schizophrenics with ongoing positive and negative symptoms appropriately reported first and second order mental states of others and designed their contributions to conversations on the basis of what they thought their communicative partners knew and intended. Patients recognized that others do not share their delusions and attempted to reconcile others' beliefs with their own but problems arose when they try to warrant their delusional claims. They did not make the justification for their claim understandable for their interlocutor. Nevertheless, they did not fail to recognize that the justification for their claim is unconvincing. However, the ensuing disagreement did not lead them to modify their beliefs.Conclusions. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated intact ToM skills in conversational interactions. Psychotic beliefs persisted despite the realization they are not shared but not because patients cannot reflect on them and compare them with what others believe.

Effects of verapamil administration on negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita B. Uhr ◽  
Karen Jackson ◽  
Philip A. Berger ◽  
John G. Csernansky
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia

Ageing with psychosis – Fifty and beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
Cherrie Galletly ◽  
Shuichi Suetani ◽  
Lisa Hahn ◽  
Duncan McKellar ◽  
David Castle
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Current Emphasis ◽  
Population Based Survey

Objective: While there is considerable current emphasis on youth and early psychosis, relatively little is known about the lives of people who live with psychotic disorders into middle age and beyond. We investigated social functioning, physical health status, substance use and psychiatric symptom profile in people with psychotic disorders aged between 50 and 65 years. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Survey of High Impact Psychosis, a population-based survey of Australians aged 18–65 years with a psychotic disorder. We compared those aged 50–65 years ( N = 347) with those aged 18–49 years ( N = 1478) across a range of measures. Results: The older group contained more women and more people with affective psychoses compared to the younger group. They were also more likely to have had a later onset and a chronic course of illness. The older group were more likely to have negative symptoms but less likely to exhibit positive symptoms; they also had lower current cognition, compared to the younger group. Compared to the younger group, the older group were more likely to be divorced/separated, to be living alone and to be unemployed. They had substantially lower lifetime use of alcohol and illicit substances, but rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus were higher. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the characteristics of people with psychosis change significantly as they progress into the middle age and beyond. A better understanding of these differences is important in informing targeted treatment strategies for older people living with psychosis.

Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia and some clinical correlates

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Brown ◽  
T. White
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Components Analysis

SynopsisSyndromes of dyskinetic movements in subjects (N = 70) with chronic schizophrenia were investigated, using principal components analysis of AIMS ratings. Consonant with previous research, three discrete groupings were found, namely dyskinetic movements of lips-jaw-tongue, limb-truncal and facial movements. These were then related to demographic, psychological and movement disorder variables. The limb-truncal, but neither the lips-jaw-tongue nor facial movements components, were associated with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

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