scholarly journals Reduced attention-driven auditory sensitivity in hallucination-prone individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise H. Rayner ◽  
Kwang-Hyuk Lee ◽  
Peter W. R. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Auditory Condition ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Temporal Order Judgement

BackgroundEvidence suggests that auditory hallucinations may result from abnormally enhanced auditory sensitivity.AimsTo investigate whether there is an auditory processing bias in healthy individuals who are prone to experiencing auditory hallucinations.MethodTwo hundred healthy volunteers performed a temporal order judgement task in which they determined whether an auditory or a visual stimulus came first under conditions of directed attention (‘attend-auditory’ and ‘attend-visual’ conditions). The Launay–Slade Hallucination Scale was used to divide the sample into high and low hallucination-proneness groups.ResultsThe high hallucination-proneness group exhibited a reduced sensitivity to auditory stimuli under the attend-auditory condition. By contrast, attention-directed visual sensitivity did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsHealthy individuals prone to hallucinatory experiences may possess a bias in attention towards internal auditory stimuli at the expense of external sounds. Interventions involving the redistribution of attentional resources would have therapeutic benefit in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations.

Enhanced cortical effects of auditory stimulation and auditory attention in healthy individuals prone to auditory hallucinations during partial wakefulness

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourence L. Lewis-Hanna ◽  
Michael D. Hunter ◽  
Tom F.D. Farrow ◽  
Iain D. Wilkinson ◽  
Peter W.R. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Healthy Individuals

scholarly journals An examination of auditory processing and affective prosody in relatives of patients with auditory hallucinations

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Tucker ◽  
John Farhall ◽  
Neil Thomas ◽  
Christopher Groot ◽  
Susan L. Rossell
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Affective Prosody

Impaired Processing of Complex Auditory Stimuli in Rats with Induced Cerebrocortical Microgyria: An Animal Model of Developmental Language Disabilities

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Clark ◽  
Glenn D. Rosen ◽  
Paula Tallal ◽  
R. Holly Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Language Disabilities ◽  
Rapid Auditory Processing ◽  
Processing Deficits

Individuals with developmental language disabilities, including developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment (SLI), exhibit impairments in processing rapidly presented auditory stimuli. It has been hypothesized that these deficits are associated with concurrent deficits in speech perception and, in turn, impaired language development. Additionally, postmortem analyses of human dyslexic brains have revealed the presence of focal neocortical malformations such as cerebrocortical microgyria. In an initial study bridging these research domains, we found that male rats with induced microgyria were impaired in discriminating rapidly presented auditory stimuli. In order to further assess this anatomical-behavioral association, we designed two experiments using auditory-reflex modification. These studies were intended to assess whether auditory processing deficits in microgyric male rats would be seen in threshold detection of a silent gap in white noise, and in oddball detection of a two-tone stimulus of variable duration. Results showed no differences between sham and microgyric subjects on gap detection, but did show that microgyric subjects were impaired in the discrimination of two-tone stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm. This impairment was evident for stimuli with total duration of 64 msec or less, while both groups were able to discriminate stimuli with duration of 89 msec or greater. The current results further support the relationship between malformations of the cerebral cortex and deficits in rapid auditory processing. They also suggest that the parameters characterizing rapid auditory processing deficits for a specific task may be influenced by stimulus features and/or cognitive demand of that particular task.

Decelerated Synthesized Speech as a Means of Shaping Speed of Auditory Processing of Children with Delayed Language

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah W. Alexander ◽  
Barry P. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Synthesized Speech ◽  
Extended Duration

This study investigated whether the rate at which children with delayed language process auditory stimuli can be increased through a process of shaping with synthesized speech stimuli. Results indicate that stimuli with slowed down critical formant cues were easier for these 24 children with delayed language to discriminate and that training with stimuli of extended duration did generalize to stimuli of normal durations. Implications of these findings and usefulness of this methodology are discussed.

scholarly journals Testing continuum models of psychosis: No reduction in source monitoring ability in healthy individuals prone to auditory hallucinations

Cortex ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane R. Garrison ◽  
Peter Moseley ◽  
Ben Alderson-Day ◽  
David Smailes ◽  
Charles Fernyhough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Continuum Models ◽  
Healthy Individuals

scholarly journals Competition for neuronal resources: how hallucinations make themselves heard

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Hubl ◽  
Thomas Koenig ◽  
Werner K. Strik ◽  
Lester Melie Garcia ◽  
Thomas Dierks
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
External Stimuli

BackgroundHallucinations are perceptions in the absence of a corresponding external sensory stimulus. However, during auditory verbal hallucinations, activation of the primary auditory cortex has been described.AimsThe objective of this study was to investigate whether this activation of the auditory cortex contributes essentially to the character of hallucinations and attributes them to alien sources, or whether the auditory activation is a sign of increased general auditory attention to external sounds.MethodThe responsiveness of the auditory cortex was investigated by auditory evoked potentials (N100) during the simultaneous occurrence of hallucinations and external stimuli. Evoked potentials were computed separately for periods with and without hallucinations; N100 power, topography and brain electrical sources were analysed.ResultsHallucinations lowered the N100 amplitudes and changed the topography, presumably due to a reduced left temporal responsivity.ConclusionsThis finding indicates competition between auditory stimuli and hallucinations for physiological resources in the primary auditory cortex. The abnormal activation of the primary auditory cortex may thus be a constituent of auditory hallucinations.

The Role of Retrospective Negative Information-Processing Biases in Remitted Depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Lipsitz
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Remitted Depression ◽  
Information Processing Bias

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent and impairing low mood and loss of interest or pleasure. Given that MDD is highly recurrent, it is important to identify which impairments remain during remission and may predict recurrence. A key impairment in MDD is that they tend to process current and past information more negatively than healthy individuals. However, it is unclear whether this negative information-processing bias persists during remission. This study will investigate a retrospective type of negative information-processing bias when recollecting recent real-world events among young adults with remitted depression (n=31) compared to healthy individuals (n=32). Participants were given a handheld device and responded to prompts on the device four times a day for one week. The prompts asked whether the individual experienced a positive or negative event since the last prompt and how intense that negative or positive event was. At the end of the week, participants completed a questionnaire regarding their experiences over the past week. They were asked how many negative and positive events the individual experienced over the past week, and the overall intensity of these negative and positive events. It is hypothesized that individuals with remitted depression will report a greater number and intensity of negative events in the distal retrospection period than in the proximal retrospection period, but no difference is expected for positive events. The opposite findings are expected for healthy individuals. This research may advance the understanding of persistent impairments in remitted depression while focusing on real-life events.

scholarly journals Dopaminergic Function in the Psychosis Spectrum: An [18F]-DOPA Imaging Study in Healthy Individuals With Auditory Hallucinations

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver D. Howes ◽  
Paul Shotbolt ◽  
Michael Bloomfield ◽  
Kirstin Daalman ◽  
Arsime Demjaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Study ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Healthy Individuals

The Role of Musical Experience in Hemispheric Lateralization of Global and Local Auditory Processing

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 956-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Black ◽  
Jennifer L. Stevenson ◽  
Joel P. Bish
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
Global And Local

The global precedence effect is a phenomenon in which global aspects of visual and auditory stimuli are processed before local aspects. Individuals with musical experience perform better on all aspects of auditory tasks compared with individuals with less musical experience. The hemispheric lateralization of this auditory processing is less well-defined. The present study aimed to replicate the global precedence effect with auditory stimuli and to explore the lateralization of global and local auditory processing in individuals with differing levels of musical experience. A total of 38 college students completed an auditory-directed attention task while electroencephalography was recorded. Individuals with low musical experience responded significantly faster and more accurately in global trials than in local trials regardless of condition, and significantly faster and more accurately when pitches traveled in the same direction (compatible condition) than when pitches traveled in two different directions (incompatible condition) consistent with a global precedence effect. In contrast, individuals with high musical experience showed less of a global precedence effect with regards to accuracy, but not in terms of reaction time, suggesting an increased ability to overcome global bias. Further, a difference in P300 latency between hemispheres was observed. These findings provide a preliminary neurological framework for auditory processing of individuals with differing degrees of musical experience.

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