Alcohol and Drug Misuse Among Women – An Overview

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (S10) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
Dangerous Level

Most research into substance misuse has focused on men but the problem among women is considerable and the social consequences and causation differ between the sexes. In the US, one-third of alcohol abusers are women and in the UK 1% of women are estimated to be drinking at a dangerous level. Drug and alcohol misuse holds additional problems for women since abusers tend to be of childbearing age. Rehabilitation units and prevention strategies would benefit more women substance abusers if they were tailored to suit their specific needs.

scholarly journals The Social Aspects of Sexual Health: A Twitter-Based Analysis of Valentine’s Day Perception

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Andrea Sansone ◽  
Angelo Cignarelli ◽  
Daniele Mollaioli ◽  
Giacomo Ciocca ◽  
Erika Limoncin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Valentine's Day ◽  
The Uk

Sentiment analysis (SA) is a technique aimed at extracting opinions and sentiments through the analysis of text, often used in healthcare research to understand patients’ needs and interests. Data from social networks, such as Twitter, can provide useful insights on sexual behavior. We aimed to assess the perception of Valentine’s Day by performing SA on tweets we collected between 28 January and 13 February 2019. Analysis was done using ad hoc software. A total of 883,615 unique tweets containing the word “valentine” in their text were collected. Geo-localization was available for 48,918 tweets; most the tweets came from the US (36,889, 75.41%), the UK (2605, 5.33%) and Canada (1661, 3.4%). The number of tweets increased approaching February 14. “Love” was the most recurring word, appearing in 111,981 tweets, followed by “gift” (55,136), “special” (34,518) and “happy” (33,913). Overall, 7318 tweets mentioned “sex”: among these tweets, the most recurring words were “sexy” (2317 tweets), “love” (1394) and “gift” (679); words pertaining to intimacy and sexual activity, such as “lingerie”, “porn”, and “date” were less common. In conclusion, tweets about Valentine’s Day mostly focus on the emotions, or on the material aspect of the celebration, and the sexual aspect of Valentine’s Day is rarely mentioned.

The Social and Cultural Purposes of Television Today

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

This chapter details the activities and beliefs of Equity. Equity believes that all UK broadcasters should have an obligation to contribute to the UK's cultural diversity through investing in original content production. It has lobbied Ofcom to increase quotas for original and regional drama, comedy, entertainment, and children's programmes made in and about the UK, particularly with respect to Channel 3 and 5 licencees. Equity has also worked with all of the major UK broadcasters towards developing new platforms for content delivery and has consistently sought to ensure that content can be made available for use on these platforms when made under Equity collective agreements. Most recently, Equity achieved the first agreement outside of the US for the engagement of its members and the reuse of their performances by Netflix.

The Social Consequences of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Drug Courts ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather R. Hayes ◽  
Julie M. Queler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

scholarly journals An analysis of the deinstitutionalization of inflation-adjusted accounting practices in Brazilian companies

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (58) ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Amaury José Rezende ◽  
Reinaldo Guerreiro ◽  
Flávia Zóboli Dalmácio
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Political Character ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Sociological Interpretation

This article aims to analyze the deinstitutionalization of the inflation-adjustment accounting practices used by large Brazilian companies. The theoretical assumptions used were based on institutional theory, which provides a sociological interpretation of human behavior that recognizes the phenomenon of limited rationality and the political character of social action. Analyses were based on the empirical approach that was proposed by Oliver (1992). The research strategy consisted of questionnaires and interviews conducted in a population of 118 large Brazilian companies from Exame Magazine's list of the 500 largest companies. The primary respondents were accountants and controllers. Factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted using the approach proposed by Oliver (1992), and the research included 22 variables comprising 12 constructs and 6 qualitative hypotheses regarding the pressures that motivate the deinstitutionalization of inflation-adjusted accounting practices. Therefore, with regard to the constructs assessed, emphasis was placed on identifying the political pressures (the environment) and the functional pressures in both the organizational and environmental dimensions. However, the social pressures did not prove to be significant. We conclude that the process of deinstitutionalization results from a distinct combination of institutional factors, and these results are consistent with the findings from research conducted in the US market and in the UK.

scholarly journals Child Location Tracking in the US and the UK: Same Technology, Different Social Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Oostveen ◽  
Asimina Vasalou ◽  
Peter Van den Besselaar ◽  
Ian Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tracking Technology

Real-time location tracking of individualshas become relatively easy with the widespread availability of commercial wearable devices that use geographical positioning information to provide location-based services. One application of this technology is to allow parents to monitor the location of their children. This paper investigates child location tracking technology in the US and the UK and compares its privacy implications. Although overall the price levels and the technical capabilities are the same, we find that the features of the technology are different depending on the social context. This can be attributed to national regulations and law that shape how a technology can be used. These laws and regulations, influenced by cultural frameworks, values, and morality, differ considerably between the countries. Clarifying the expected impacts of technology on the lives of users and other stakeholders in terms of these contextual factors will help to inform public debate about technical possibilities and societal needs.

Evaluating the ‘New Policing’: Attacking the Money Trail of Organized Crime

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Levi
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Community Orientation ◽  
Security Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

After examining the growth of concern about organized crime, the article critically reviews the arguments advanced for focusing on the money trail as a strategy for combating it, suggesting that the amount of money laundered may be considerably less than that commonly assumed. It goes on to contrast the powerful imagery of ‘the new policing’ with the modesty of the impact of these measures on convictions and confiscated assets in Britain and Australia, and attempts to account for the low yield there compared with the US in terms of greater American concentration on financial and professional intermediaries and more draconian legislation. After discussing the debate over the involvement of the UK Security Service (MI5) in the ‘war against organized crime’ and technological developments in laundering detection, the article examines the tensions, (a) between high level policing on the one hand, and devolved police budgeting and community orientation on the other; and (b) in the attempt to regulate the social conscience of finance capital without making it impossible for them to make a profit.

Planning for the optimal mix of paygo tax and funded savings

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGES DE MENIL ◽  
FABRICE MURTIN ◽  
EYTAN SHESHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
The Uk

We analyze the optimal balance between social security taxation and private saving in the provision of retirement income in dynamically efficient economies, a question at the center of policy debates in Europe and the United States. We consider the relative importance for this question of the return to capital, the internal return of the pay-as-you-go system, and the variabilities and correlation (or independence) of labor earnings and the capital return. We analyse these influences theoretically in the context of a two-period, overlapping generations model with uncertainty. We use a new method to calibrate the model using annual data on GDP per worker and the total real return on equities, from 1950 to 2002, from which we infer the stochastic characteristics of lifetime labor income and the return to lifetime savings in the US, UK, France and Japan. We obtain a range of optimal, steady-state values of the social security tax and the rate of lifetime savings. When the relative rate of risk aversion is assumed to be 2.5, the computed optimal tax varies from 5% in the United States to 22% in Japan. France is similar to Japan, and the UK is in between.

Non-Voluntary Passive Euthanasia: The Social Consequences of Euphemisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Withdrawing Treatment ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Passive Euthanasia ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Futile Treatment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Professional Guidance

AbstractNon-voluntary passive euthanasia, the commonest form of euthanasia, is seldom mentioned in the UK. This article illustrates how the legal reasoning in Airedale NHS Trust v Bland contributed towards this conceptual deletion. By upholding the impermissibility of euthanasia, whilst at the same time permitting 'euthanasia' under the guise of 'withdrawing futile treatment', it is argued that the court (logically) allowed (withdrawing futile treatment and euthanasia). The Bland reasoning was incorporated into professional guidance, which extended the court's ruling to encompass patients who, unlike Anthony Bland, were sentient. But since the lawfulness of (withdrawing futile treatment and euthanasia) hinges on the futility of treatment, and since the guidance provides advice about withdrawing treatment from patients who differ from those considered in court, the lawfulness of such 'treatment decisions' is unclear. Legislation s proposed in order to redress the ambiguity that arose when moral decisions about 'euthanasia' were translated into medical decisions about 'treatment'.

Drug and Alcohol Dependencies in Prisons

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Roffman ◽  
Charles Froland
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
System Response ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Prison Programs ◽  
Federal Prisons ◽  
Criminal Justice Statistics ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

The scope of drug and alcohol pro blems in prisons is deter mined. Criminal justice statistics on arrests, convictions, and dispositions are reviewed, and surveys of the prevalence of substance abuse in state and federal prisons are reported. The review documents statistics supporting the findings that major investments of law enforcement energy are being spent in arresting substance abusers, that significant numbers of these are being convicted (roughly 20 per cent to 50 per cent of prison inmates have major drug or alcohol problems), and that the rates of such problems among parolees have been rising. Existing treatment capacities for substance-abusing inmates in state and federal correctional institutions are reviewed. Pris on programs either do not exist or are inadequate, with prob ably fewer than ten states having made any long-term com mitment. The federal NARA program has not been effective and the Bureau of Prisons' response to incarcerated drug and alcohol abusers is less adequate than the efforts of many states. For all jurisdictions, the level o f treatment response is in no way commensurate with the size of the problem. If treatment of substance abusers continues to be seen as a useful response to chemical dependencies among prisoners, more attention must be paid to providing sufficient resources to prison programs. Only then can the issues o f ineffectiveness and inefficiency in the present correctional system response be addressed.

3. The move into the community

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

‘The move into the community’ considers deinstitutionalization. Nearly every large mental hospital in the UK and most in the US and Western Europe have closed. The emptying of the institutions was partly due to the discovery of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs, but changes in social attitudes towards the mentally ill, radical rethinking within psychiatry, and financial considerations were also influential. The first twenty years of community care were relatively successful. However, closures often ran ahead of provision of adequate alternative services. Stigma, an exaggerated sense of risk from the mentally ill, family break-up, high social mobility, and increasing levels of drug and alcohol use have made community care of the mentally ill more difficult.

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