scholarly journals Greece

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Anastasia Karastergeriou
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
Community Based Services

The history of mental healthcare offered to people with intellectual disabilities in Greece runs in parallel to that of people suffering from severe psychiatric disorders. Until the early 1980s, it was based on 9 overcrowded and understaffed state and 40 private psychiatric hospitals with a mixed population of patients with psychosis and of those with intellectual disabilities (Madianos et al, 1999). The psychiatric reforms began with Law 1397 in 1983, which introduced the National Health System, and, in the following year, European Council Regulation 815/84, through which financial aid was approved and a 5-year plan adopted. The main goal was the development of a network of community-based services in geographically sectorised areas, to replace the large psychiatric hospitals. Mental health centres, psychiatric units in general hospitals and many other community services were to be established, according to local requirement.

scholarly journals Mental health reforms in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Pec
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mental Health Reform ◽  
Mental Health Reforms ◽  
Community Based Services

This paper describes the history and current provision of mental healthcare in the Czech Republic. After the political changes in 1989, there was an expansion of out-patient care and several non-governmental organisations began to provide social rehabilitation services, but the main focus of care still rested on mental hospitals. In recent years, mental health reform has been in progress, which has involved expanding community-based services and psychiatric wards of general hospitals, simultaneously with educational and destigmatisation programmes.

scholarly journals Access to community-based mental healthcare and psychosocial support within a disaster context

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P O'Hanlon ◽  
Boris Budosan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Mental Health Effects

After a large-scale humanitarian disaster, 30–50% of victims develop moderate or severe psychological distress. Rates of mild and moderate mental disorders increase by 5–10% and severe disorders by 1–2%. Those with such disorders need access to mental healthcare. Primary care clinics are appropriate due to their easy accessibility and the non-stigmatising environment. There is a consensus among experts that the mental health effects of disaster are best addressed by existing services, that is, through capacity building rather than by establishing parallel systems. Mental health interventions in emergencies should begin with a clear vision for the long-term advancement of community services.

scholarly journals Outcomes of an inner city forensic intellectual disability service

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Wooster ◽  
Jane McCarthy ◽  
Eddie Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Community Based Services

Purpose National policy in England is now directed towards keeping patients with intellectual disability (ID) presenting with forensic problems for time-limited treatment. The result is that secure hospital services are expected to work much more proactively to discharge patients to community-based services. However, there is little evidence in recent years on the outcome of discharged patients with ID from secure hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes of a patient group discharged from a specialist forensic ID service in London, England. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive retrospective case note study of patients with ID admitted to and discharged from a secure service with both low and medium secure wards, over a six-year period from 2009 to 2016. The study examined patient demographic, clinical and outcome variables, including length of stay, pharmacological treatment on admission and discharge, offending history and readmissions to hospital and reoffending following discharge. Findings The study identified 40 male patients, 29 of which were admitted to the medium secure ward. In all, 27 patients (67.5 per cent) were discharged into the community with 14 patients having sole support from the community ID services and 4 from the community forensic services. In total, 20 per cent of patients were readmitted within the study period and 22.2 per cent of patients received further convictions via the Criminal Justice System following discharge. Originality/value This was a complex group of patients with ID discharged into the community with a number at risk of requiring readmission and of reoffending. Community-based services providing for offenders with ID must have sufficient expertise and resourcing to manage the needs of such a patient group including the ongoing management of risks. The national drive is significantly to reduce the availability of specialist inpatient services for this group of patients but this must occur alongside an increase in both resources and expertise within community services.

scholarly journals Dedicated community-based services for adults with personality disorder: Delphi study

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Crawford ◽  
Katy Price ◽  
Deborah Rutter ◽  
Paul Moran ◽  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Based Services

SummaryDedicated community-based services have been recommended for people with personality disorder, but little is known about how such services should be configured. We conducted a Delphi survey to assess opinions about this. A panel of expert authors, service providers and service users agreed on only 21 (39%) of 54 statements on the organisation and delivery of care. Consensus was not reached on important issues such as working with people with a history of violent offending, the role of community outreach and the use of compulsory treatment. Further work needs to be undertaken before the optimal organisation of dedicated personality disorder services can be agreed.

Mass killing under the guise of ECT: the darkest chapter in the history of biological psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gazdag ◽  
GS Ungvari ◽  
H Czech
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Following its inception, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), rapidly spread all over the world, including Nazi Germany. Paradoxically, at the same time, the euthanasia programme was started in Germany: the extermination of people with intellectual disabilities and severe psychiatric disorders. In Lower Austria, Dr Emil Gelny, who had been granted a specialist qualification in psychiatry after three months of clinical training, took control of two psychiatric hospitals, in Gugging and Mauer-Öhling. In 1944, he began systematically killing patients with an ECT machine, something that was not practised anywhere else before or after, and remains unprecedented in the history of convulsive therapy. He modified an ECT machine, adding extra electrodes, which he fastened onto a victim’s wrists and ankles to administer lethal electric shocks.

scholarly journals Health and Community-Based Services for Individuals with Neurological Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-675
Author(s):  
Sarah E.P. Munce ◽  
Kristen B. Pitzul ◽  
Sara J.T. Guilcher ◽  
Tarik Bereket ◽  
Mae Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Neurological Patient ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Community Based Services

AbstractBackground:The current study involves a national survey of healthcare providers who offer services for individuals with a variety of neurological conditions. It aims to describe the provision of health and community-based services as well as the admission criteria, waitlist practices, and referral sources of these services.Methods:An online survey was directed at administrators/managers from publicly funded hospital programs, long-term care homes, and community-based healthcare provider agencies that were believed to be providing information and/or services to patients with a variety of neurological conditions.Results:Approximately 60% (n=254) of respondents reported providing services in either urban/suburban areas or rural/remote areas only, whereas the remaining 40% (n=172) provided services regardless of patient location. A small proportion of respondents reported providing services for individuals with dystonia (28%), Tourette syndrome (17%), and Rett syndrome (13%). There was also a paucity of diverse healthcare professionals across all institutions, but particularly mental healthcare professionals in hospitals. Lastly, the majority of respondents reported numerous exclusion criteria with regard to service provision, including prevalent comorbid conditions.Conclusions:If the few services provided for these neurological patient populations exclude common comorbidities, it is likely that there will be no other place for these individuals to seek care.

scholarly journals Retrospective of Providing Assistance to Children with Various Developmental Disabilities in Ukraine: X-XX Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Yu. Lyndina ◽  
Oleksandr V. Kozynets
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis

The study and historical and pedagogical analysis of aiding children with mental and physical disabilities make it possible to trace the development of the educational system and find ways to improve it. The purpose of the study is to investigate the issue of supporting children with various variants of developmental disorders during the 10th and 20th centuries in Ukraine, analysis and justification of the problem. To fulfil this purpose, archival sources and scientific studies of scientists who studied this issue were investigated. The main chronological events of caring for children with various disorders, which later became the basis for the development of special education, are substantiated. Based on the chronicles of the Ipatiev and Lavrentiy lists, the public’s awareness of the importance of raising children with hearing and speech impairments, as well as studying the elements of literacy and learning the craft, was clarified. The history of care for children with physical and intellectual disabilities in Ukraine during the 10th-20th centuries is examined. The study outlines information about the facts of the first attempts to provide pedagogical assistance in the education of the so-called “limited abilities” students in the public education system, which was preceded by the reform in the field of education. Historical data on the attitude of society towards children with various developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the period of 10th20th centuries are analysed, as well as the dynamics of development in the field of assistance to children with mental and physical disabilities in this period. The facts about the transfer of the problem of raising children with intellectual disabilities to private institutions and the opening of psychiatric hospitals, which aided persons with developmental disabilities. The study covered I. Sikorsky's contribution to the problem of providing aid and care to those whose mental underdevelopment is a psychological and pedagogical problem. For a deeper retrospective of aiding children with various variants of developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the 10th and 20th centuries, it is necessary to explore the arguments for opening and organising state assistance to various categories of children with mental and physical disabilities

Challenging Behaviour in People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Assessment and Intervention Team

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S475-S475
Author(s):  
K. Courtenay ◽  
S. Jaydeokar
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Community Based ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
Age Range

ObjectivesPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) present with behaviours that challenge community services. Community models of care as alternatives to hospital care exist but are often vary in their function. Certain strategies have been developed to manage challenging behaviour in people with ID. Data from a three-year period on a community-based service for people with ID and challenging behaviour that uses an objective, multi-disciplinary approach is presented.MethodsA case note survey of adults with ID under the care of the Assessment and Intervention Team (AIT), a challenging behaviour service in the London Borough of Haringey.ResultsOver the three-year period, 65 adults were managed by AIT. Forty-four were male and 21 were female. The age range was 21–64 years of age. The level of ID was mild ID 61%, moderate 39%. Diagnoses included psychotic disorder (25%); mood disorder (20%); developmental disorder (40%); dementia (10%); challenging behaviour (45%). Six people (11%) were admitted to hospital during their time with AIT. The length of care under AIT ranged from four to fourteen months.ConclusionsAIT managed effectively people with ID living in the community who presented with complex problems putting their placement at risk. The rate of hospital admission was reduced in this period compared with the previous three years. The length of stay in in-patient services was reduced. The most common reasons for the behaviours included mental illness and ‘challenging behaviour’. People with developmental disorders were a large proportion. Community alternatives are effective with positive benefits to the person.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in the future

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Routine Service ◽  
Mental Health Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Community Based Services

European nations – including Britain – have a common pattern in their history of mental health care. Most western and central European countries established large asylums in the 19th century and engaged in some form of de-institutionalisation during the second half of the 20th century. Since the 1950s, major mental health reforms have significantly improved the quality of care. Although time of onset, pace, fashion and outcomes of reforms varied greatly between countries, throughout western Europe community-based services have been established and become part of routine service provision (Becker & Vázquez-Barquero, 2001). Compared with the heyday of the reform spirit in the 1970s, we now appear to be experiencing a relatively calm period. Developments currently seem to be dominated by fragmented pragmatism rather than by dreamy visions. This may reflect a wider trend in politics: throughout Europe, ambitious long-term visions appear less relevant as drivers for political change than was the case a few decades ago.

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