scholarly journals Retrospective of Providing Assistance to Children with Various Developmental Disabilities in Ukraine: X-XX Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Yu. Lyndina ◽  
Oleksandr V. Kozynets
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis

The study and historical and pedagogical analysis of aiding children with mental and physical disabilities make it possible to trace the development of the educational system and find ways to improve it. The purpose of the study is to investigate the issue of supporting children with various variants of developmental disorders during the 10th and 20th centuries in Ukraine, analysis and justification of the problem. To fulfil this purpose, archival sources and scientific studies of scientists who studied this issue were investigated. The main chronological events of caring for children with various disorders, which later became the basis for the development of special education, are substantiated. Based on the chronicles of the Ipatiev and Lavrentiy lists, the public’s awareness of the importance of raising children with hearing and speech impairments, as well as studying the elements of literacy and learning the craft, was clarified. The history of care for children with physical and intellectual disabilities in Ukraine during the 10th-20th centuries is examined. The study outlines information about the facts of the first attempts to provide pedagogical assistance in the education of the so-called “limited abilities” students in the public education system, which was preceded by the reform in the field of education. Historical data on the attitude of society towards children with various developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the period of 10th20th centuries are analysed, as well as the dynamics of development in the field of assistance to children with mental and physical disabilities in this period. The facts about the transfer of the problem of raising children with intellectual disabilities to private institutions and the opening of psychiatric hospitals, which aided persons with developmental disabilities. The study covered I. Sikorsky's contribution to the problem of providing aid and care to those whose mental underdevelopment is a psychological and pedagogical problem. For a deeper retrospective of aiding children with various variants of developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the 10th and 20th centuries, it is necessary to explore the arguments for opening and organising state assistance to various categories of children with mental and physical disabilities

FEATURES OF CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS IN FAMILIES RAISING CHILDREN WITH COMPLEX DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Shevchuk V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Parent Relationships ◽  
Attitude Test

Purpose. The purposeof the article is to analyze the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of child-parent relationships in families raising children with complex developmental disorders.Methods. To achieve this goal, psychodiagnostic techniques were used, such as E. Schaefer’s Parental Attitude Test (PARI) and VV Parental Attitude Test Questionnaire. Stolina and A.Ya. Vargi. Student’s parametric criterion was used to identify statistical differences in parental attitudes in different groups.Results. A comparative study was conducted on 136 parents of children with musculoskeletal disorders and mental retardation, 152 parents of children with complex speech disabilities in combination with intellectual disabilities and 184 parents with children without developmental disabilities. A total of 472 parents took part in the study of child-parent relationships in families raising children with complex developmental disorders. The difference in the parental attitude to mentally retarded children with musculoskeletal disorders and to children with a complex of speech and intellectual disorders is a combination of the first higher level of emotional rejection and, at the same time, infantilization of the child. Parents of children with intellectual disabilities try to protect their children from the difficulties, complexities of the world and at the same time, this is one of the frustrating factors that manifests itself in the increased irritability of parents. Parents of children with disabilities are more likely to encourage the child’s dependence, to consider the child dependent and infantile. Parents of children with motor and intellectual disabilities are more likely to perceive their child as an unadapted life and a loser.Conclusions. The most unfavorable for the child attitudes and the nature of the relationship are demonstrated by parents who raise children with movement disorders and mental retardation compared to the parents of children with language and intellectual disabilities. Parents who have children with speech and intellectual disabilities have a more positive pedagogical prognosis of their upbringing and education of children, and hence the possible more successful social adaptation of the child in the future.Key words: children, dysontogenesis, parents, musculoskeletal disorders, mental retardation, speech disorders. Мета статті полягає в аналізі результатів емпіричного дослідження особливостей дитячо-батьківських стосунків у сім’ях, які виховують дітей із комплексними порушеннями розвитку.Методи. Для досягнення мети були використані такі психодіагностичні методики, як тест бать-ківських настанов (PARI) E. Шефера і тест-опитувальник батьківського ставлення В.В. Століна й А.Я. Варги. Для виявлення статистичної відмінності в батьківському ставленні в різних групах засто-совували параметричний критерій Стьюдента.Результати. Було проведено порівняльне дослідження 136 батьків дітей із порушенням опорно-рухового апарату та розумовою відсталістю, 152 батьків дітей зі складними мовленнєвими вадами в поєднанні з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку та 184 батьків, які мають дітей із нормативним розвитком. Загалом у вивченні дитячо-батьківських взаємин у сім’ях, які виховують дітей із комплексними порушеннями розвитку, взяли участь 472 батьків. Відмінність у батьківському ставленні до розумово відсталих дітей із порушенням опорно-рухового апарату і до дітей із комплексом мовленнєвих та інте-лектуальних порушень полягає в поєднанні в перших більш високого рівня емоційного відкидання і водночас інфантилізації дитини. Батьки дітей, що мають інтелектуальне недорозвинення, намагаються захистити своїх дітей від труднощів, складнощів навколишнього світу, саме це є одним із фруструючих чинників, що проявляється в підвищеній дратівливості батьків. Батьки дітей із вадами розвитку більш схильні заохочувати залежність дитини, уважати дитину несамостійною й інфантильною. Батьки дітей із руховими й інтелектуальними порушеннями більш схильні сприймати свою дитину непристосованою до життя та невдахою. Висновки. Найбільш несприятливі для дитини настанови та характер взаємин демонструють батьки, які виховують дітей із руховими порушеннями та розумовою відсталістю, порівняно з батьками дітей із порушеннями мовленнєвого й інтелектуального розвитку. Батьки, які мають дітей із логопедичними й інтелектуальними вадами розвитку, мають більш позитивний педагогічний прогноз їх виховання і навчання, отже, і можливу більш успішну соціальну адаптацію дитини в майбутньому.Ключові слова: діти, дизонтогенез, батьки, порушення опорно-рухового апарату, розумова відсталість, мовленнєві порушення.

Mass killing under the guise of ECT: the darkest chapter in the history of biological psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gazdag ◽  
GS Ungvari ◽  
H Czech
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Convulsive Therapy ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Following its inception, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), rapidly spread all over the world, including Nazi Germany. Paradoxically, at the same time, the euthanasia programme was started in Germany: the extermination of people with intellectual disabilities and severe psychiatric disorders. In Lower Austria, Dr Emil Gelny, who had been granted a specialist qualification in psychiatry after three months of clinical training, took control of two psychiatric hospitals, in Gugging and Mauer-Öhling. In 1944, he began systematically killing patients with an ECT machine, something that was not practised anywhere else before or after, and remains unprecedented in the history of convulsive therapy. He modified an ECT machine, adding extra electrodes, which he fastened onto a victim’s wrists and ankles to administer lethal electric shocks.

scholarly journals Participation in Regular Physical Activity According to the Type of Disability, Sex, Point of Disability Diagnosis, and Ability to Walk Independently in South Korea

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Changok Cho ◽  
Wonsang Shin ◽  
Sunga Kong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Acquired Disability ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Disability Group

This study aimed to compare rates of participation in physical activity according to the type of disability, sex, point of disability diagnosis (congenital vs. acquired), and ability to walk independently. The study involved individuals who were registered as disabled based on the 2020 Sports Survey for the Disabled project of the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. Participants (mean age: 49.94 ± 12.35 years) included those with physical disabilities (n = 889), visual impairments (n = 523), hearing/speech impairments (n = 412), intellectual disabilities (n = 561), and disabilities associated with brain lesions (n = 364). Rates of severe (100%) and congenital disability (65.95%) were highest in the intellectual disability group. Acquired disability was most frequent in the physical disability group (94.71%). The highest frequency of independent walking ability was observed in the hearing/speech impairment group (99.27%). The rate of participation in physical activity was significantly higher in the acquired (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.87, p = 0.005) and independent walking (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.11–1.84, p = 0.005) hearing/speech impairment groups than in the corresponding physical disability groups after adjusting for age, sex, and severity. Our findings highlight the need to promote physical activity for people with physical and intellectual disabilities based on the factors examined in this study.

scholarly journals Greece

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Anastasia Karastergeriou
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
Community Based Services

The history of mental healthcare offered to people with intellectual disabilities in Greece runs in parallel to that of people suffering from severe psychiatric disorders. Until the early 1980s, it was based on 9 overcrowded and understaffed state and 40 private psychiatric hospitals with a mixed population of patients with psychosis and of those with intellectual disabilities (Madianos et al, 1999). The psychiatric reforms began with Law 1397 in 1983, which introduced the National Health System, and, in the following year, European Council Regulation 815/84, through which financial aid was approved and a 5-year plan adopted. The main goal was the development of a network of community-based services in geographically sectorised areas, to replace the large psychiatric hospitals. Mental health centres, psychiatric units in general hospitals and many other community services were to be established, according to local requirement.

Developmental Disorders in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Palmeter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Project Objectives ◽  
Disability Severity ◽  
Occupational Function ◽  
Improve Health

In the completion of my practicum at the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) this summer, I worked to develop a surveillance knowledge product to support the national surveillance of developmental disorders. This project used Statistics Canada’s 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability to investigate the burden of developmental disorders in Canada. Developmental disorders are conditions with onset in the developmental period. They are associated with developmental deficits and impairments of personal, social, academic, and occupational function. The project objectives are to estimate the prevalence of developmental disorders in Canadians 15 years of age or older, overall and by age and sex, as well as report on the age of diagnosis, disability severity, and disability co-occurrence in those with developmental disorders. The majority of the analysis has been completed and preliminary results completed, which cannot be released prior to PHAC publication. Although not highly prevalent, developmental disorders are associated with a high level of disability in young Canadians. Early detection and interventions have been shown to improve health and social outcomes among affected individuals. Understanding the burden of developmental disorders in Canada is essential to the development of public health policies and services.

From the History of the Public Library in the Village Tagai of Simbirsk District in Simbirsk Province

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Patutkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Library History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

The article is dedicated to unknown page in the library history of Ulyanovsk region. The author writes about the role of Trusteeship on people temperance in opening of libraries. The history of public library organized in the beginning of XX century in the Tagai village of Simbirsk district in Simbirsk province is renewed.

The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

La valorisation des prestations non-bois: particularités genevoises (essai) | Commercialization of non-wood forest services: the case of Geneva (essay)

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (8) ◽  
pp. 232-234
Author(s):  
Patrik Fouvy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Body ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

The history of the forests in canton Geneva, having led to these being disconnected from productive functions, provides a symptomatic demonstration that the services provided by the forest eco-system are common goods. Having no hope of financial returns in the near future and faced with increasing social demands, the state has invested in the purchase of forest land, financed projects for forest regeneration and improvement of biological diversity and developed infrastructures for visitors. In doing this the state as a public body takes on the provision of services in the public interest. But the further funding for this and for expenses for the private forests, which must be taken into account, are not secured for the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document