scholarly journals Psychiatry in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje

Nigeria is a huge country. It covers an area of 924 000 km2 on the west coast of Africa. It has a population of about 110 million, which means that every one in six Africans is a Nigerian. It is a country of diverse ethnicity, with over 200 spoken languages, even though three of those are spoken by about 60% of the population. Administratively, it is divided into 36 states and operates a federal system of government, with constitutional responsibilities allocated to the various tiers of government – central, state and local. There are two main religions, Islam (predominantly in the north) and Christianity (predominantly in the south). However, a large proportion of the people still practise traditional religions exclusively or in addition to either Islam or Christianity.

Author(s):  
A. Stuart

In dealing with this subject it is essential to define the high rainfall districts, and on, perusing a rainfall map it was found, contrary to expectations, that the greater part of the North Island, as represented by the Auckland Province and Taranaki, has a rainfall of over 50 inches per annum. In the same category falls the West Coast of the South Island and all of Stewart Island.


1876 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
A. H. Schindler

The part of Belúchistán now under Persian rule is bounded upon the north by Seistán, upon the east by Panjgúr and Kej, upon the south by the Indian Ocean, and upon the west by Núrámshír, Rúdbár, and the Báshákerd mountains.This country enjoys a variety of climates; almost unbearable heat exists on the Mekrán coast, we find a temperate climate on the hill slopes and on the slightly raised plains as at Duzek and Bampúr, and a cool climate in the mountainous districts Serhad and Bazmán. The heat at Jálq is said to be so intense in summer that the gazelles lie down exhausted in the plains, and let themselves be taken by the people without any trouble.


1922 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
K. V. Subrahmanya Aiyer

Free intercourse with Malabar was long denied to the rest of Southern India by the formidable natural obstacle of the Western Ghats with their impenetrable fastnesses and few passes. Owing chiefly to this circumstance that part of the country remained to a great extent isolated and secure from frequent invasions by other southern powers. This isolation, coupled with the conservative nature of the people of this tract, accounts for the preservation intact of several ancient customs of the Indians. Even in later times, whenever there had been any general disaster affecting the whole of the Dekhan, such as an invasion by the Muhammadan kings of the Khilji and Taghlak lines, the west coast afforded a safe asylum to the rest of the south. There is nothing unnatural in the following exclamation of the poet-composer of the Tiruvālaṅgāḍu plates of the eleventh century a.d.:—“Excepting Paramēśvara, who else in this world could contemplate even in mind the humiliation of that country which is protected by the glory of the crest jewel of the Bhrgu race (i.e. Paraśu-Rāma) and the austerities of its chiefs, and which had not been injured by enemies.”


Author(s):  
L. G. Kelly

The New Zealand accent belongs to the British group of English accents. There are three main divisions: General New Zealand, which is spoken in most parts of the country, and the accents of Otago, in the south of the South Island, and on the West Coast of the South Island. The three divisions follow the original pattern of settlement. In the North Island, settlement was directed by the New Zealand Company, which founded Auckland and Wellington in 1840; other settlements followed in the late 1840s. In the South, the Anglican Church founded Christchurch and Nelson in the early 1850s. These settlements had the common aim of reproducing English society as it existed in the south of England and drew most of their settlers from persons dispossessed by the Industrial Revolution. The difficulties of life in early New Zealand effectively levelled out social differences, with important effects on the language. Otago was founded in 1848 by the Scottish Free Church. The West Coast was not settled until the Gold Rush of the 1860s attracted miners from the goldfields of Victoria and California. Since that time there has been considerable immigration from the British Isles, at first a mere trickle from Europe and then a flood of Central European refugees after the Second World War. In general the willingness of the average New Zealander to travel for reasons of work or promotion has prevented the growth of regional accents; but the West Coast and Otago tend to keep to themselves, isolated by rough country and their own sense of community.


1959 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Wellman

AbstractA map is presented showing a series of airborne magnetometer profiles from the north end of the South Island of New Zealand to the mouth of Waikato River. The two southern profiles are related to the exposed Upper Palaeozoic igneous rocks which are considered to extend north across Cook Strait and along the west coast of the North Island to cause the anomalies in the northern profiles. The North Island profiles are considered to reflect the Kawhia Syncline and a major anticline to the east. The eastward displacement of the magnetic low relative to the synclinal axis at the surface is considered due to the eastward dip of the axial plane of the syncline.


1975 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. da Veiga Ferreira ◽  
G. Zbyszewski ◽  
M. Leitao ◽  
C. T. North ◽  
H. Reynolds de Sousa

The megalithic tomb of Pedra Branca lies at Montum, on the west coast of Portugal about 140 kilometers south of Lisbon by road (fig. 1). The tomb is the first in Portugal to have yielded Beaker graves overlying earlier burials; prior to its discovery, no Beaker remains had ever been noted further south than Palmela, in the estuary of the Sado river, approximately 40 kilometers from Lisbon. The tomb is situated on the top of a small hillock 100 m above sea level, separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a fertile undulating plain about 5 km in width. The Lake of Melides lies to the north and, to the east, the hills of Grandola rise steeply to an altitude of 300 m; an expanse of rough terrain stretches to the south, ravined by various small streams which flow into the Lake of Santo André on the coast.When the tomb was discovered by surveyors of the Geological Services of Portugal, it was already very badly damaged; all the orthostats had been broken for use in local construction and part of the circular covering mound had already been ploughed under. The Services therefore, decided that a salvage campaign was called for, and a team made up of the authors, was invited to carry it out with funds granted by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.


Author(s):  
R. C. Mossman

This great frost commenced on 28th December 1894 and terminated in its intense form on 20th February 1895, thus lasting 54 days. The greatest cold occurred from the 6th to the 20th of February. During this latter period pressure was higher in the north than in the south of Scotland, and the winds were consequently easterly or north-easterly, but light in force. Taking the two months, January and February, together, the mean temperature was more than 10° below the average at many inland places, but on the west coast it was only about 5° lower than usual. There are records of temperature in the north-east of Scotland, at either Inverness, Gordon Castle or Aberdeen for the last 132 years, and in all this time there was no winter with two such cold months as January and February 1895 at these places.


1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brian Harland

Nordaustlandet is the second largest island in the Svalbard archipelago. It has been generally inaccessible by ship because of polar pack ice except for the west coast, or in exceptional summers. Exploration has therefore been limited. The major part of the interior is covered by two large ice caps: Vestfonna and (the large) Austfonna which forms all of the southern coastline in the eastern part of the island. Pre-Devonian, mostly Precambrian outcrops of solid rock extend along the northern and northwestern seaboard. Wahlen-bergfjorden divides the west coast with post-Devonian rocks cropping out to the south of it. These have already been referred to in Chapter 5 so that the main object in this chapter is to outline what is known of the older rocks. Because of the ice caps covering the major part of the island, exposures, especially in the north and east, are often isolated on promontories along the highly indented coastline (Fig. 6.1).After the early visit by Parry in 1828 research was largely by Swedish geologists with A.E. Nordenskiold's sledge journeys in 1861, 1866, 1869 and 1873.A Swedish initiative led to the Russo-Swedish Arc of Meridian Survey along both sides of Hinlopenstretet. During the period 1899 to 1902 (De Geer 1923; Nathorst 1910) and later the Swedish-Norwegian expedition based at Sveanor in Murchisonfjorden (Kulling 1932) resulted in a thorough study of the Hecla Hoek rocks (Kulling 1934).Alongside this were a series of multidisciplinary expeditions from Oxford University in 1924, 1935-36 and 1951. Sandford accompanied the


1932 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Ivens

Marau Sound lies at the south-east end of the island called Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. There is no native name for the Sound as a whole, and it received its present name owing to the fact that the island which lies at the eastern entrance to the Sound is called Marau, i.e. Island. Other islands in the Sound are named Peura, Sinamairuka (Sinamailuka), Tawaihi, Marapa. The last-named island, Marapa (Malapa), is the “ home of the dead ” for the peoples of the South-East Solomons. The local native name for the hill districts above the Sound is Kera. The name which was given both to the Sound, and to the coastal districts of the mainland near, by the first white visitors in modern days, Bishops G. A. Selwyn and J. C. Patteson, is Gera, which is the name used of the Sound by the people of San Cristoval. The people of the Sound are immigrants from Wairokai, Waisisi, Wairoha, and Uhu on the west coast of Big Mala, and their language is closely allied to that of Oroha, Little Mala, and Areare, the language spoken at Wairokai, etc. It is probable that the first migration from Mala to the Sound settled at Marau, the island at the eastern entrance. There is a ghost called Huu ni nima connected with Marau Island, who is said to have led the migration. War and fighting are said to have been the reasons which led to the migration. The present Mala people were already occupying the islands in the Sound at the time of the visit of the Spanish explorers in 1568, as is shown by the fact that they acted as guides and took the Spaniards to the neighbourhood of Wairokai and Waisisi.


Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.


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