Networks of Action in Catastrophic Events: The 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki Disasters

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 387-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise K. Comfort ◽  
Aya Okada ◽  
Gunes Ertan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Planning Processes

The 11 March 2011 Tohoku-oki, Japan, earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear reactor disasters shattered existing plans for decision making, preparedness, and response operations under conditions of uncertainty and risk. The interaction among these events created dynamics that could not be addressed by any single organization or jurisdiction alone and that had not been considered in the planning processes undertaken by separate jurisdictions and organizations. The scale and scope of devastation overwhelmed those responsible for protecting communities at every level of jurisdictional decision making and organizational management. We examine the policy problem of decision making involving interaction between human and natural systems, and review existing policies, plans, and practices that characterized efforts in disaster risk reduction in Japan prior to 11 March 2011. We contrast these plans with observed practices, focusing on interactions and communication flows among organizations engaged in responding to the disaster. These events demonstrate the compelling need to rethink catastrophe.

scholarly journals Alternatives for Sustained Disaster Risk Reduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gaillard ◽  
Ben Wisner ◽  
Djillali Benouar ◽  
Terry Cannon ◽  
Laurence Creton-Cazanave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Policy Arena

The daily media is filled with images of catastrophic events which seem increasingly frequent and violent. In parallel there are a large range of scientific studies, debates in the policy arena, and a growing number of international institutions focused on disaster reduction. But a paradox remains that despite advances in technology, disasters continue to increase, affecting many individuals in rich as well as poor countries.

scholarly journals The framing of decision making support systems on increasing community resilience in disaster risk reduction efforts: a conceptual approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Putranesia Thaha ◽  
Febrin Anas Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Conceptual Approach

This research begins by comprehensively exploring previous research related to community resilience and what steps are used to increase community resilience in reducing disaster risk. Conceptually, it is known that the fatigue model accumulated by the time system, infrastructure system, governance system, regulatory system, and hazard system for disaster risk reduction is often associated with weakening community resilience. It is often associated with catastrophic events, which are sometimes predictable and unpredictable. In manual decision-making, people are aware of the inconsistency of subjective decisions. A decision support system hypothesizes that it will take less time to explore data to make faster and more informed decisions. As a result of this concept, it is possible to reduce the number of wrong choices when dealing with disaster risk reduction issues. In terms of disaster risk reduction, the power of decision support systems is discussed in this paper to find a framework for its effectiveness as relative decision making will differ on different dimensions of Resilience.

Stakeholders’ approaches to disaster risk reduction in built environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad H. Mojtahedi ◽  
Bee Lan Oo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Intuitive Reasoning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Proactive Approach

Purpose – In disaster risk reduction (DRR), it is important to realise stakeholders’ approaches against disasters in the built environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore why stakeholders take proactive and/or reactive approaches in DRR. Design/methodology/approach – Using a review of existent literature, this work scrutinises disaster theories and their applications in the built environment to develop a theoretical framework for perceiving stakeholders’ proactive and/or reactive approaches in DRR. Findings – Stakeholders’ organisational attributes – power, legitimacy and urgency – and decision-making paradigms – value maximisation and intuitive reasoning – are fundamental factors affecting stakeholders’ approaches against disasters. Power and legitimacy of stakeholders result in a proactive approach if stakeholders consider value maximisation paradigm in their decision-making process. Powerful and legitimate stakeholders may take reactive approaches because of intuitive reasoning paradigm. Stakeholders may shift from a reactive to proactive approach and vice versa based on the combination of urgency attribute and decision-making paradigms. Research limitations/implications – It is essential to consider the classification of respective stakeholders in applying the idea of this paper. Furthermore, this paper does not attempt to validate the proposed theoretical framework empirically, but it combines stakeholder and decision-making theories by which this could be undertaken. Originality/value – Little attention has been paid to systematic theorising in managing stakeholders’ approaches against disasters. Furthermore, many researchers have focused on similar underlying theories and heuristics in the context of DRR. Thus, this paper introduces a theoretical framework to examine stakeholders’ proactive and/or reactive approaches in the built environment, by synthesising stakeholder and decision-making theories.

Data Communication for Efficient Water Resource Management Among Multiple Stakeholders – A Case Study in the Bago River Basin, Myanmar –

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruhiko Shirai ◽  
Seemanta Sharma Bhagabati ◽  
Akira Kodaka ◽  
Naohiko Kohtake ◽  
Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Cross Sectional

Cross-sectional communication for data sharing among multiple stakeholders involved in disaster responses is one of the fundamental non-structural measures that directly influence the performance of disaster risk reduction. Taking the event of the 2008 Cyclone Nargis as the watershed experience, Myanmar has been developing a nationwide disaster risk reduction scheme. Transition from the past structure of a vertically divided administration to cross-sectional interaction is underway, making use of lessons learned from past disaster events, yet many challenges remain in communications among stakeholders. To address the issue, this research proposes a communication scheme for data sharing among multiple stakeholders to complement the current scheme for better decision making of the stakeholders during both normal times and emergencies. The proposed scheme is evaluated by the stakeholders, and it is shown that the benefits would include not only the strengthening of the current scheme for decision making but also a contribution to the design of long-term plans in areas such as agriculture, irrigation, and disaster preparedness. This research anticipates further development of the scheme by employing more concrete needs of the stakeholders by reiterating contextual inquiries as well as by physically modeling a database taking case scenarios into account for its design.

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