The detection of bone marrow involvement by lymphoma using magnetic resonance imaging.

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Shields ◽  
B A Porter ◽  
S Churchley ◽  
D O Olson ◽  
F R Appelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Spin Echo Sequence

We used magnetic resonance (MR) to image the bone marrow of 31 patients with lymphoma. Images were obtained of the femoral, pelvic, and vertebral marrow with a 0.15 tesla imaging system using a T1-weighted spin echo sequence (TR600/TE 40). With this pulse sequence, normal marrow produces a high intensity signal that reflects the presence of marrow fat (short T1 relaxation time). We previously reported MR imaging of patients with leukemia in relapse and found a diffusely and symmetrically decreased marrow signal intensity due to the replacement of normal marrow fat by cellular material with a long T1. Unlike leukemia, patients with lymphomatous marrow involvement often had patchy, often discrete, areas of low signal intensity, representing focal marrow infiltration. Five of six patients in this study with lymphoma detected by histologic examination also had marrow lesions seen on MR. An additional four patients had marrow lesions detected by MR that were not detected on initial marrow biopsies; two of these had marrow involvement proven on subsequent biopsies, one had disease isolated to the vertebrae that was never pathologically documented, and one had progression of disease in the marrow documented by MR without biopsy confirmation. These results indicate that marrow involvement with lymphoma can be detected by MR imaging and that MR can complement bone marrow biopsy.

scholarly journals Detection of lymphomatous bone marrow involvement with magnetic resonance imaging [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Hoane ◽  
AF Shields ◽  
BA Porter ◽  
HM Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Repetition Time ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

We reviewed magnetic resonance (MR) staging examinations of 98 patients with malignant lymphoma who failed other therapy and were under evaluation for bone marrow transplantation. MR scan results were compared with blind posterior iliac crest aspirations and biopsies. Images of vertebral, pelvic, and femoral marrow were obtained using a standard T1-weighted, short repetition time (TR), short time to echo (TE) (TR700/TE22), spin-echo (T1-SE) method in 92 patients and short TI inversion recovery (STIR) technique (TR1,500/TE36/TI100) in all. On standard T1-SE sequence, normal marrow is bright due to the predominance of marrow fat, and tumor is dark. With STIR images, water containing tumor has a very high signal intensity in a dark (fat suppressed) background. Thirteen patients had positive MR scans and marrow biopsies, whereas 49 had negative MR scans and biopsies. Of 36 discordant MR/histology results, 10 had positive biopsies and negative MR exams; eight of these had microscopic infiltration (less than or equal to 5%) with tumor. MR detected marrow tumor either in the crests or elsewhere in 25 of 75 (33%) patients with negative study biopsies. We could confirm marrow involvement in 15 of these 25 (60%) by clinical methods. Therefore, up to one third of the patients evaluated with routine biopsies may have occult marrow tumor detectable by MR exam. In patients with negative marrow biopsies, especially those with Hodgkin's disease or intermediate to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, MR scans found focal lesions distant from the crests. Biopsy better detected lower grade microscopic involvement. We conclude that optimal marrow staging of lymphoma patients incorporates both biopsy and MR imaging.

scholarly journals Detection of lymphomatous bone marrow involvement with magnetic resonance imaging [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Hoane ◽  
AF Shields ◽  
BA Porter ◽  
HM Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Repetition Time ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Abstract We reviewed magnetic resonance (MR) staging examinations of 98 patients with malignant lymphoma who failed other therapy and were under evaluation for bone marrow transplantation. MR scan results were compared with blind posterior iliac crest aspirations and biopsies. Images of vertebral, pelvic, and femoral marrow were obtained using a standard T1-weighted, short repetition time (TR), short time to echo (TE) (TR700/TE22), spin-echo (T1-SE) method in 92 patients and short TI inversion recovery (STIR) technique (TR1,500/TE36/TI100) in all. On standard T1-SE sequence, normal marrow is bright due to the predominance of marrow fat, and tumor is dark. With STIR images, water containing tumor has a very high signal intensity in a dark (fat suppressed) background. Thirteen patients had positive MR scans and marrow biopsies, whereas 49 had negative MR scans and biopsies. Of 36 discordant MR/histology results, 10 had positive biopsies and negative MR exams; eight of these had microscopic infiltration (less than or equal to 5%) with tumor. MR detected marrow tumor either in the crests or elsewhere in 25 of 75 (33%) patients with negative study biopsies. We could confirm marrow involvement in 15 of these 25 (60%) by clinical methods. Therefore, up to one third of the patients evaluated with routine biopsies may have occult marrow tumor detectable by MR exam. In patients with negative marrow biopsies, especially those with Hodgkin's disease or intermediate to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, MR scans found focal lesions distant from the crests. Biopsy better detected lower grade microscopic involvement. We conclude that optimal marrow staging of lymphoma patients incorporates both biopsy and MR imaging.

Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging of the Optic Nerve

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Simon ◽  
D. Rubinstein ◽  
M. Brown ◽  
W. Yuh ◽  
M. Birch-Iensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Fat Suppression ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Frequency Selective

During the acute stages of optic neuritis damage to the blood-optic nerve barrier can be detected using i.v. paramagnetic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Quantification of the enhancement pattern of the optic nerve, intraorbital fat and muscle was determined in 15 normal subjects using 3 fat-suppression MR imaging methods: T1-weighted spin-echo and spoiled gradient-echo sequences preceded by a fat-frequency selective pulse (FATSAT + SE and FATSAT + SPGR, respectively) and a pulse sequence combining CHOPPER fat suppression with a fat-frequency selective preparation pulse (HYBRID). Pre- and postcontrast-enhanced studies were acquired for FATSAT + SE and FATSAT + SPGR. There was no significant enhancement of the optic nerve by either method (mean increase of 0.96% and 5.3%, respectively), while there was significant enhancement in muscle (mean 118.2% and 108.2%), respectively; p < 0.005) and fat (mean increase of 13% and 37%, respectively; p < 0.05). Postcontrast optic nerve/muscle signal intensity ratios (mean, SD) were 0.51 (0.07), 0.58 (0.05) and 0.75 (0.05) for FATSAT + SE, FATSAT + SPGR and HYBRID, respectively. These results suggest a practical methodology and range of values for normal signal intensity increases and ratios of tissue signal that can be used as objective measures of optic neuritis for natural history studies and treatment trials.

Discovertebral Junction of the Spine — A Cadaveric Study by Spin-Echo MR Imaging

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Y. Kakitsubata ◽  
K. Nabeshima ◽  
S. Kakitsubata ◽  
M. Koono ◽  
K. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Surface Coil ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Intermediate Signal Intensity ◽  
Head Coil

To evaluate the MR appearance of the discovertebral junction (DVJ) of the spine, we examined 161 DVJs in 27 cadaveric spines using superconductive MR imaging. T1-, proton density-, and T2-weighted spin-echo imaging were used. With a small surface coil, higher resolution and more sharply defined contours of the DVJ were obtained than when using a head coil. Cortical bone had very low signal intensity in all sequences. Cartilaginous end-plate (CP) was of low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and of low signal intensity on proton density- and T2-weighted images. MR images were able to reveal the gross CP appearances, Schmorl's nodules, and adjacent bone marrow pathology. We conclude that MR imaging is valuable for assessing abnormalities of the DVJ.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diffuse Malignant Bone Marrow Diseases

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nyman ◽  
S. Rehn ◽  
B. Glimelius ◽  
H. Hagberg ◽  
A. Hemmingsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
T1 And T2

Twenty-four patients with malignant bone marrow involvement or polycythemia vera, 8 patients with reactive bone marrow and 7 healthy individuals were examined with spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging at 0.35 T and 0.5 T. Signs of an increased longitudinal relaxation time, T1, were found when normal bone marrow was replaced by malignant cells, polycythemia vera or reactive marrow. A shortened T1 was indicated in 4 patients in bone marrow regions treated by radiation therapy; the marrow was most likely hypocellular in these cases. The estimated T1 relaxation times were highly correlated to the cellularity of the bone marrow as assessed by histology. Among patients with close to 100 per cent cellularity neither T1 nor T2 discriminated between the various malignancies or between malignant and reactive, non-malignant bone marrow. Characterization of tissues in terms of normalized image intensities was also attempted, the motive being to avoid approximations and uncertainties in the assessment of T1 and T2. The normalization was carried out with respect to the image of highest intensity, i.e. the proton density weighted image. The results were in agreement with those for T1 and T2. It was concluded that MRI is valuable for assesssing bone marrow cellularity, but not for differentiating between various bone marrow disorders having a similar degree of cellularity.

scholarly journals Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging strategy targeting Neurotensin Receptors in detection of Prostate Cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitul Desai ◽  
Neville N.C. Tam ◽  
Robert. Carraway ◽  
Shuk-Mei Ho ◽  
Craig. Ferris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Contrast Injection ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Receptor Ligand

ABSTRACTProstate cancer is the second leading cause of all male cancer deaths. One of the factors present in malignant prostate cells and shown to support its metastatic growth is the neuropeptide neurotensin (NT). The primary goal of the present study was to establish the feasibility of using a newly developed paramagnetic receptor ligand for NT and non-invasive ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to visualize prostate cancer in rodents. Orthotropic xenografts were initiated in six-week old male BALB/c nu/nu athymic mice (n = 28) by intra-prostatic (ventral lobe) inoculation of human prostate cancer cells (10μL of PC3 cells (106 /100μl)). Palpable tumors developed within 30-60 days. A micro-imager utilized in these studies was an actively shielded 9.4T, 89 mm bore, Oxford superconducting magnet with a 100 gauss/cm gradient system. Prior to contrast injection, T2 weighted anatomy scans were done to localize the tumor with a spin-echo multi-slice sequence with TR: 2000 TE: 40 and NEX: 1 in both coronal and axial planes. The paramagnetic ligand data sets were collected with a spin-echo, T1 weighted pulse sequence (MSME): TR 300 msec; TE 5 msec; NEX 4 in both axial and coronal planes. The data sets were taken initially at 5-min intervals post contrast injection for the first half hour and then at 15 min intervals for the next 1.5-2 hours for a time series analyses. The temporal distribution of MR signal intensity in various regions were determined in the absence and presence of NT. Our results confirm that the novel NT molecule was protected from enzymatic degradation and capable of forming a high affinity paramagnetic NT ligand with an extended half-life. During the imaging studies, the signal intensity increased by 200 % in the region of the tumor. This increase in signal intensity approached maximum binding within 30 minutes and remained visible for 1 hour post-injection of the contrast agent. Taken together, these findings suggest that it is feasible to detect and image prostate cancer using a paramagnetic NT ligand and the emergence of the NT receptor ligand that may be used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer in humans.

IMPROVED MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) IMAGING METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF SPINAL FLUID VOLUME IN NORMAL SUBJECTS USE OF FAST SPIN ECHO PULSE SEQUENCE

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. A875 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Fink ◽  
R. Gertach ◽  
T. Richards ◽  
K. R. Maravilla
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Fast Spin Echo ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Echo Pulse ◽  
Fast Spin

Bone-marrow MR imaging before and after autologous marrow transplantation in lymphoma patients without known bone-marrow involvement

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Lien ◽  
V. Blomlie ◽  
A. K. Blystad ◽  
H. Holte ◽  
R. Langholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Purpose: To study lumbar bone marrow by means of MR imaging before and after bone-marrow transplantation in lymphoma patients. Particular emphasis was paid to heterogeneity and to focal manifestations, i.e. appearances that could simulate tumor. Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients who were disease-free for a minimum of 30 months after transplantation were studied in 107 MR examinations. Two radiologists visually evaluated coronal T1-weighted and short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) images. Results: T1-weighted images demonstrated a more heterogeneous marrow after transplantation than before it. Sharply defined focal low signal intensity areas appeared on this sequence in 5 (23%) of the 22 patients at between 21 and 60 weeks after transplantation. The mean age of these 5 patients was 48.4 years (range 42–54 years). The difference in age between these 5 patients and the remaining 17 patients, who had a mean age of 33.4 years (range 14–51 years), was statistically significant (p < 0.01, Student's t-test, 2-sided test). Conclusion: Sharply defined focal low signal intensity areas may be seen on T1-weighted images of bone marrow in patients who are in complete remission after transplantation, particularly in those aged over 40–45 years.

scholarly journals Practical Approaches to Bone Marrow Fat Fraction Quantification Across Magnetic Resonance Imaging Platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bainbridge ◽  
Timothy J.P. Bray ◽  
Raj Sengupta ◽  
Margaret A. Hall‐Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Bone Marrow Fat ◽  
Fat Fraction

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using a spin echo magnetization transfer sequence: preliminary report

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTÔNIO JOSÉ DA ROCHA ◽  
ANTONIO CARLOS MARTINS MAIA JUNIOR ◽  
ROBERTO GOMES NOGUEIRA ◽  
HENRIQUE MANOEL LEDERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spin Echo Sequence ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

We present the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of five patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using a spin-echo sequence with an additional magnetization transfer (MT) pulse on T1-weighted images (T1 SE/MT). These findings were absent in the control group and consisted of hyperintensity of the corticospinal tract. Moreover we discuss the principles and the use of this fast but simple MR technique in the diagnosis of ALS

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document