Phase I Trial of Carmustine Plus O6-Benzylguanine for Patients With Recurrent or Progressive Malignant Glioma

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 3522-3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S. Friedman ◽  
James Pluda ◽  
Jennifer A. Quinn ◽  
Reginald B. Ewesuedo ◽  
Lina Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Phase I Trial ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean

PURPOSE: The major mechanism of resistance to alkylnitrosourea therapy involves the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), which removes chloroethylation or methylation damage from the O6 position of guanine. O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) is an AGT substrate that inhibits AGT by suicide inactivation. We conducted a phase I trial of carmustine (BCNU) plus O6-BG to define the toxicity and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of BCNU in conjunction with the preadministration of O6-BG with recurrent or progressive malignant glioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were treated with O6-BG at a dose of 100 mg/m2 followed 1 hour later by BCNU. Cohorts of three to six patients were treated with escalating doses of BCNU, and patients were observed for at least 6 weeks before being considered assessable for toxicity. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed for O6-BG, 8-oxo-O6-BG, and 8-oxoguanine concentration. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were treated (22 with glioblastoma multiforme and one with anaplastic astrocytoma). Four dose levels of BCNU (13.5, 27, 40, and 55 mg/m2) were evaluated, with the highest dose level being complicated by grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. O6-BG rapidly disappeared from plasma (elimination half-life = 0.54 ± 0.14 hours) and was converted to a longer-lived metabolite, 8-oxo-O6-BG (elimination half-life = 5.6 ± 2.7 hours) and further to 8-oxoguanine. There was no detectable O6-BG 5 hours after the start of the O6-BG infusion; however, 8-oxo-O6-BG and 8-oxoguanine concentrations were detected 25 hours after O6-BG infusion. The mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 8-oxo-O6-BG was 17.5 times greater than the mean AUC for O6-BG. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the MTD of BCNU when given in combination with O6-BG at a dose of 100 mg/m2 is 40 mg/m2 administered at 6-week intervals. This study provides the foundation for a phase II trial of O6-BG plus BCNU in nitrosourea-resistant malignant glioma.

Plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new prodrug N-l-leucyldoxorubicin and its metabolites in a phase I clinical trial.

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
J de Jong ◽  
G J Geijssen ◽  
C N Munniksma ◽  
J B Vermorken ◽  
W J van der Vijgh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trial ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half

PURPOSE N-l-leucyldoxorubicin (Leu-Dox) was developed as a prodrug of doxorubicin (Dox) to circumvent the cardiotoxicity associated with repeated administration of Dox. Our purpose was to assess the pharmacokinetics of Leu-Dox, Dox, doxorubicinol (Dol) and four other metabolites for pharmacokinetically guided dose-escalation and to verify the prodrug character of Leu-Dox. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood and urine of 14 patients were sampled during the phase I clinical trial and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dose levels of Leu-Dox ranged from 18 mg/m2 to 225 mg/m2, the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). Hematologic parameters were monitored regularly in each patient. RESULTS Leu-Dox was rapidly distributed (half-life at alpha phase [t1/2 alpha] = 2.5 +/- 0.6 minutes) followed by a biphasic elimination (half-life at beta phase [t1/2 beta] = 17.4 +/- 7.3 minutes; half-life at gamma phase [t1/2 gamma] = 1.5 +/- 0.5 hours), as measured over the first 12 hours after administration. In three patients, in whom Leu-Dox was found in the plasma for up to 48 hours after injection, a final elimination half-life (t1/2,elim) of 16 hours was observed. The t1/2,elim of Leu-Dox was short (0.6 to 16.5 hours) compared with the t1/2,elim of Dox (38 +/- 11 hours). The mean residence time and apparent volume of distribution were 23 +/- 5 minutes and 19 +/- 6 L/m2, respectively. Only 1.5% to 5% of the dose was excreted in the urine over 48 hours, with Dox as major constituent. Dox was rapidly formed, reaching its maximum concentration within 10 minutes after the end of Leu-Dox infusion. Areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC infinity, mean +/- SD, n = 16) of Leu-Dox, Dox, and Dol were 115 +/- 27 mumol.min/L, 41 +/- 12 mumol.min/L, and 33 +/- 14 mumol.min/L after a dose of 60 mg/m2 Leu-Dox (= 86 mumol/m2). After the same molar dose of Dox (50 mg/m2 = 86 mumol/m2), the AUC infinity of Dox was 179 mumol.min/L, indicating that Leu-Dox was converted into Dox for 23% in the plasma compartment. The AUCs infinity of Leu-Dox, Dox, and Dol increased linearly with the dose. Negligible AUCs were observed for the other four metabolites. The AUCs infinity of Leu-Dox and Dox at the MTD (517 and 145 mumol.min/L, respectively) were lower than those in mice at the LD10 (1,930 and 798 mumol.min/L, respectively), which means that the MTD could not be predicted from the preclinical pharmacokinetics in mice. Hematologic toxicity, especially the WBC count, appeared to correlate much better with the AUC of Dox (r = .91) than with the AUC of Leu-Dox (r = .74), thus confirming the prodrug character of Leu-Dox. CONCLUSIONS Dox is rapidly formed from Leu-Dox, and seems causative in the observed myelotoxicity. The MTD could not be predicted from the AUC at the LD10 in mice.

scholarly journals Phase I and Correlative Biology Study of Cilengitide in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Glioma

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1651-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burt Nabors ◽  
Tom Mikkelsen ◽  
Steven S. Rosenfeld ◽  
Fred Hochberg ◽  
Narasimha S. Akella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Recurrent Malignant Glioma ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Purpose This multi-institutional phase I trial was designed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of cilengitide (EMD 121974) and to evaluate the use of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Patients and Methods Patients received cilengitide twice weekly on a continuous basis. A treatment cycle was defined as 4 weeks. Treatment-related dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as any grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity or grade 4 hematologic toxicity of any duration. Results A total of 51 patients were enrolled in cohorts of six patients to doses of 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 1,200, 1,800, and 2,400 mg/m2 administered as a twice weekly intravenous infusion. Three patients progressed early and were inevaluable for toxicity assessment. The DLTs observed were one thrombosis (120 mg/m2), one grade 4 joint and bone pain (480 mg/m2), one thrombocytopenia (600 mg/m2) and one anorexia, hypoglycemia, and hyponatremia (800 mg/m2). The MTD was not reached. Two patients demonstrated complete response, three patients had partial response, and four patients had stable disease. Perfusion MRI revealed a significant relationship between the change in tumor relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) from baseline and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve after 16 weeks of therapy. Conclusion Cilengitide is well tolerated to doses of 2,400 mg/m2, durable complete and partial responses were seen in this phase I study, and clinical response appears related to rCBF changes.

scholarly journals Safety, toleration, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous azithromycin.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2577-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Luke ◽  
G Foulds ◽  
S F Cohen ◽  
B Levy
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects

To date, the clinical pharmacology of large intravenous doses of azithromycin has not been described. In the present study, single 2-h intravenous infusions of 1, 2, and 4 g of azithromycin were administered to three parallel groups (in each group, six received active drug and two received placebo) of healthy male subjects. Toleration (assessed by scores of subject-administered visual analog scale tests spanning 0 [good] to 10 [poor]), safety, pharmacokinetics, and serum motilin levels were monitored for up to 240 h after the start of each intravenous infusion. Mean nausea scores of 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, and 0.5 and abdominal cramping scores of 0.0, 0.0, 0.4, and 0.4 for 12-h periods after doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 g of azithromycin, respectively, suggested that azithromycin was well tolerated. Because of the standardized 1-mg/ml infusates, all subjects in the 4-g dosing group complained of an urgent need to urinate. There were no consistent trends in endogenous motilin levels throughout the study. The maximum concentration of azithromycin in serum (10 micrograms/ml after a 4-g dose) and the area under the concentration-time curve (82 micrograms.h/ml after a 4-g dose) were dose related. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters were an elimination half-life of 69 h, total systemic clearance of 10 ml/min/kg, and a volume of distribution at steady state of 33.3 liters/kg. The pharmacokinetic results suggest that the long half-life of azithromycin is due to extensive uptake and slow release of the drug from tissues rather than an inability to clear the drug. Single intravenous doses of up to 4 g of azithromycin in healthy subjects are generally well tolerated, and quantifiable concentrations may persist in serum for 10 days or more.

Phase I trial of O6-benzylguanine for patients undergoing surgery for malignant glioma.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 3570-3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Friedman ◽  
D M Kokkinakis ◽  
J Pluda ◽  
A H Friedman ◽  
I Cokgor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Phase I Trial ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Interstrand Cross Links ◽  
Resected Tumor ◽  
Dna Repair Protein ◽  
Cross Links

PURPOSE The major mechanism of resistance to alkylnitrosourea therapy is the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), which removes chlorethylation or methylation damage from the O6-position of guanine. O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) is an AGT substrate that inhibits AGT by suicide inactivation. We conducted a phase I trial to define the presurgical dose required for depletion of tumor AGT activity in patients with malignant glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were to be treated 18 hours before craniotomy with intravenous doses that ranged between 40 and 100 mg/m2 given over 1 hour. Resected tumor was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and AGT activity analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Up to 13 patients were treated at a specific dose of O6-BG, with a target end point of > or = 11 of 13 patients with undetectable tumor AGT levels (< 10 fmol/mg protein). RESULTS Thirty patients with malignant gliomas were enrolled, with 11 of 11 patients treated at 100 mg/m2 O6-BG demonstrating tumor AGT levels less than 10 fmol/mg protein. No toxicity was noted in any patient treated. CONCLUSION These results indicate that 100 mg/m2 of O6-BG can maintain tumor AGT levels less than 10 fmol/mg protein for at least 18 hours after treatment, a time interval in which bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea (BCNU)-induced chloroethyl adducts are fully converted into interstrand cross-links. A 100-mg/m2 dose of O6-BG will be used in combination with BCNU in another phase I trial designed to determine the maximal-tolerated dose of BCNU.

scholarly journals Interaction between Grapefruit Juice and Praziquantel in Humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Castro ◽  
Helgi Jung ◽  
Roberto Medina ◽  
Dinora González-Esquivel ◽  
Mario Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Grapefruit Juice ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Elimination Half

ABSTRACT After a single oral dose of praziquantel with 250 ml of grapefruit juice, the area under the concentration-time curve and the maximum concentration in plasma of praziquantel (C max) were significantly increased (C max for water treatment, 637.71 ± 128.5 ng/ml; and C max for grapefruit juice treatment, 1,037.65 ± 305.7 ng/ml, P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma or elimination half-life.

Dose-Ranging Pharmacokinetic Study of Ciprofloxacin after 200-, 300-, and 400-mg Intravenous Doses

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Nix ◽  
J. Michael Spivey ◽  
Allyn Norman ◽  
Jerome J. Schentag
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Venous Irritation ◽  
Body Clearance

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ciprofloxacin after the administration of single intravenous doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg. DESIGN: Double-blind, three-period, randomized, crossover trial. SETTING: Private, university-affiliated, hospital-based, clinical research center. PATIENTS: Normal healthy male volunteers, 18–40 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received 200-, 300-, and 400-mg single intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin via 30-minute infusions in random sequence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC after each dose and the results were used to derive pharmacokinetic parameters. Tolerance was assessed by reported and observed adverse events, urine microscopic examinations for crystals, and examination of intravenous infusion sites. RESULTS: The mean area under the time curve (AUC) values displayed linearity with respect to the administered dose. No statistical differences were observed in total body clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, or elimination half-life with respect to dose administered. The mean total body clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, or elimination half-life ranged from 36 to 41 L/h, 146 to 169 L, and 3.5 to 3.7 h for the 200-, 300-, and 400-mg doses, respectively. Adverse effects, including venous irritation (four subjects) and crystalluria (two subjects), were mild and did not require withdrawal of any subject from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ciprofloxacin in doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics. These single doses were well tolerated, although cases of transient venous irritation and crystalluria were observed.

scholarly journals 14C-Psilocin tissue distribution in pregnant rats after intravenous administration

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Francis Law ◽  
Grace Poon ◽  
Y. C. Chui ◽  
Shao-Xiong He
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Elimination Half

Background: Many species of hallucinogenic mushrooms have been found in the genus Psilocybe. The main psychoactive chemicals of Psilocybe mushrooms are psilocin and its phosphoryloxy derivative, psilocybin. In addition to its psychedelic effects, psilocybin is an effective agent to lift the mood of depressed patients with terminal cancers.Objective: To study the dispositional kinetics of 14C-psilocin in pregnant rats after intravenous injection, to calculate tissue dose surrogates i.e., tissue 14C concentration and area under the concentration-time curve using the experimental data, to quantify trans-placental passage of psilocin and/or its metabolites, and to identify new psilocin metabolite(s) in rat urine.Methods: A group of 15 pregnant Wistar rats weighing between 0.30-0.36 kg was used in the study. Each rat was given a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg 14C-psilocini.v. Three rats were randomly selected and sacrificed at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 hr post-dosing. The maternal and fetal tissues were quickly removed and the radioactivity in these tissues determined by liquid scintillation counting.In a separate study, urine samples were collected from 6 male Wistar rats after administering 15 mg/kg of unlabeled psilocin i.p. The urine samples were collected and extracted by chloroform-methanol (9:1 v/v) and analyzed using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer.Results: 14C-Psilocin crossed the placental barrier of pregnant rats readily after i.v. administration; maternal tissue 14C concentrations were found to be much higher than those in fetal tissues. The areas under the curve for maternal tissues also were much higher than the fetal tissues. In general, maternal tissues could be divided into the fast eliminating organ group, which included the brain (elimination half-life <13 hr) and the slow eliminating organ group, which included all fetal tissues (elimination half-life >13 hr). A new psilocin metabolite tentatively identified as dihydroxyindoleacetic acid was found in the urine.Conclusion: Our study showed that psilocin readily crossed the placental and blood-brain barriers of pregnant rats. Because psilocin was eliminated slowly from the fetal tissues of rats, human consumption of magic mushrooms should be avoided during pregnancy. Key words: magic mushrooms, psilocin, placental barrier, pregnant rats

Acute Thyroxine Ingestion in Pediatric Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
William J. Lewander ◽  
Peter G. Lacouture ◽  
J. Enrique Silva ◽  
Frederick H. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

During a 1-year period, 15 cases of acute thyroxine (T4) overdose with documented serum T4 concentrations were studied. All patients were &lt;5 years of age and 80% were boys. All were examined within 1 to 6 hours of ingestion and all were asymptomatic. Estimated dose ingested in 10 patients ranged from 1.5 to 8.8 mg (0.1 to 0.73 mg/kg). Three patients with initial T4 serum concentrations &gt;75 µg/dL manifested signs of toxicity within 12 to 48 hours (fever, tachycardia, hypertension, and/or agitation) that resolved within 24 to 60 hours. The mean elimination half-life of T4 in 7 patients with multiple serum concentrations was 2.8 ± 0.4 days, whereas the mean elimination half-life of triiodothyronine was 6 ± 1.7 days. It was concluded that (1) the majority of acute pediatric T4 overdoses are not severe and may be managed on an outpatient basis, (2) the absence of early clinical manifestations does not preclude delayed onset of toxicity that may be better predicted by initial T4 concentrations, and (3) the elimination half-life of T4 is shorter and the elimination half-life of triiodothyromine is longer than with therapeutic doses.

Phase I Study of a New Humanized Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (LY2469298) in Japanese Patients (pts) with Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (FL) Pretreated with Rituximab-Containing Regimen

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3942-3942
Author(s):  
Michinori Ogura ◽  
Kensei Tobinai ◽  
Toshiki Uchida ◽  
Yukio Kobayashi ◽  
Takashi Oyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Anti Cd20

Abstract Abstract 3942 Background: Pts with FL in whom position 158 on the FcγRIIIa (CD16) gene is heterozygous for valine/phenylalanine (V/F) or homozygous for phenylalanine (F/F) (F-carriers) have natural killer cells with lower binding affinity to IgG than valine homozygote (V/V) pts. These pts showed a lower response rate and shorter time to progression compared with V/V genotype pts after initial rituximab treatment. A humanized IgG1 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, LY2469298, was optimized through protein engineering in the Fc region to increase affinity with FcγIIIa and is expected to increase effector function in F-carriers. This phase I study was conducted to evaluate the safety, clinical activity, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of LY2469298 in Japanese pts with relapsed or refractory FL. Methods: Japanese pts with FL who relapsed or progressed after prior treatment, but not within 120 days of prior rituximab, received four infusions of LY2469298 at weekly intervals. The dose was assessed for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity (HAHA) in 2 cohorts of 100 and 375 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was evaluated from the day of the first infusion until two weeks after the last infusion. Response was evaluated according to the International Workshop Response Criteria (IWRC) at 9 and 21 weeks after the last dose. The PK of LY2469298 were assessed after the first and fourth dose by means of a non-compartmental analysis. Results: Ten pts (male/female: 5/5), median age 60.4 yrs (range: 39–75), were enrolled and treated in 2 cohorts: 3 pts at 100 mg/m2 and 7 pts at 375 mg/m2. The number of pts with stage I/II/III/IV at enrollment was 1/4/1/4, respectively. All pts received 1 or more treatment of prior rituximab alone or rituximab-containing regimen; 3/10 pts were refractory to the regimen. The median number of prior regimens was 2 (range: 1–9). Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) identified 4 pts at low risk, 2 at intermediate risk, and 4 at high risk. There was one V/V patient in the 375 mg/m2 cohort; all other pts were F-carriers. No DLT was observed in either cohort; therefore, the recommended phase II dose was determined to be 375 mg/m2. The most common adverse events (≥40% of pts) included hematological toxicities and infusion-related reactions: lymphopenia (n=10), pyrexia (8), leukopenia (7), chills (7), and neutropenia (5). Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities were lymphopenia (n=7) and neutropenia (2; no G-CSF required). There were no grade 3 or 4 infusion-related reactions; most reactions were limited to the first infusion. B-cell (CD19+) depletion in peripheral blood was rapid and sustained in all pts. B-cell recovery began in the 21-week observation period. LY2469298 was eliminated in a biphasic manner from pts' blood with a elimination half-life of 10 to 14 days. Clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution were similar between the 2 doses. AUC and Cmax increased with dose. Of 10 evaluable pts, responses were observed in 5 pts (3 CR, 1 CRu, and 1 PR). Conclusions: Weekly doses of LY2469298 at 100 and 375 mg/m2 were well tolerated and resulted in evidence of clinical activity in pts with relapsed or refractory FL after prior rituximab alone or rituximab-containing regimens, although 9 of 10 pts were F-carriers. The PK characteristics of clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of the 2 LY2469298 doses were similar, both of which were eliminated in a biphasic manner. The promising results of this phase I study warrant further investigation of LY2469298 in pts with FL. Disclosures: Off Label Use: LY2469298 is an investigational agent. Matsue:Eli Lilly Japan KK: Employment. Cronier:Lilly UK: Employment. Wooldridge:Eli Lilly & Company: Employment. Koshiji:Eli Lilly Japan KK: Employment.

Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of oral gimatecan in adults with malignant glioma

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1559-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Hochberg ◽  
J. Supko ◽  
A. Amato ◽  
N. Salem ◽  
P. Carminati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Stable Disease ◽  
Phase I Trial ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Disease Stabilization ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Chemotherapy Dose ◽  
Grade 3

1559 Background: Gimatecan (GT) is an orally available camptothecin analogue with potent preclinical antitumor activity. A phase I trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity profile, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of GT in patients (pts) with recurrent malignant glioma. Methods: GT was given orally once daily for 5 days every 28 days. The starting dose, 1.6 mg/m2 over 5 days, was independently escalated in pts who were and were not concurrently receiving enzyme inducing antiseizure drugs (±EIASD). PK samples were obtained up to 24 after dosing on day 1 and 168 h after dosing on day 5 of cycle 1. Results: A total of 43 pts were enrolled, 18 in the +EIASD arm and 25 in the -EIASD arm, with a median age of 51 years (range, 23–70) and median KPS of 80 (range, 60–100). All pts had prior irradiation and 84% had prior chemotherapy. Dose levels evaluated were 1.6, 3.2, 5.3, 8.0, 11.2, and 15.0 mg/m2 in the +EIASD arm and 1.6, 3.2, 5.3, 6.1, and 8.0 mg/m2 in the -EIASD arm. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred during 49 cycles of therapy in the +EIASD arm with dose escalation terminated at 15.0 mg/m2. Grade 3–4 myelosuppression was the DLT in the -EIASD arm, occurring in 1/11 pts at the MTD of 6.1 mg/m2, and 2/3 pts at 8.0 mg/m2. Gastrointestinal disorders, the most common side effects, were grade >3 in only 7% of pts. Pts in the +EIASD arm received a median of 6 cycles of therapy and there were 2 partial responses and 6 pts with stable disease. Pts in the -EIASD arm received a median of 2 cycles of therapy and 11 pts had stable disease. GT exhibited linear PK. EIASDs significantly affected the PK, decreasing the biological half-life 2-fold from 53 ± 25 to 25 ± 12 h (mean ± SD) and increasing the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) nearly 5-fold from 1.3 ± 1.7 L/h to 6.2 ± 4.3 L/h. CL/F was independent of body surface area. Conclusions: The MTD of GT for pts not receiving EIASDs is 6.1 mg/m2 and an MTD was not established for pts receiving EIASDs due to practical limitations on dose administration. Median duration of disease stabilization or response was 6 cycles for 44% of +EIASD pts and 2 cycles for 44% of -EIASD pts. [Table: see text]

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