Geomorphic Evidence for Irregular Faulting along the North Piedmont of Liulengshan Range, Shanxi Rift System, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Xu Xiwei ◽  
Deng Qidong ◽  
Wang Yipeng ◽  
Yonekura Nobuyuki ◽  
Suzuki Yasuhiro
Keyword(s):  
Rift System ◽  
The North ◽  
Shanxi Rift

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Shanxi Rift System, North China

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen ◽  
Kuvvet Atakan ◽  
Yanrong Li ◽  
Zihong Li
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Local Site Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Shanxi Rift

ABSTRACT We present the first probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) specifically for the Shanxi rift system, north China, which has been defined as one of the areas of highest seismic hazard and risk in China in recent decades. We applied a Monte Carlo-based approach to PSHA, based on so far the most complete earthquake catalog available, a detailed zonation considering both seismicity distribution and local tectonic features, a logic tree of carefully selected ground-motion prediction equations, as well as a cautious consideration of actual local site effects for this region. Both areal sources (for Ms<6.0) and fault sources (for Ms≥6.0) were considered, and a synthetic earthquake catalog was generated through Monte Carlo simulation. A logic tree was applied to represent the epistemic uncertainty related to attenuation models for the rift system. Actual local site effects were incorporated and the stability of the results was also tested in this study. Our results show that nearly the entire rift system faces a significant seismic hazard and associated high seismic risk, as more than 80% of the population and the main economical infrastructure of Shanxi are concentrated here. The highest hazard is found in the areas around the north margin of Tianzhen fault and the north segment of Hengshan fault in the north, and in the Linfen basin and the area around Zhongtiaoshan fault in the south of the rift system. Our results are comparable to, but a refinement of, the results of previous probabilistic seismic hazard studies in the region. Deaggregation of seismic hazard for five large cities in the rift system indicates that the seismic hazard is most contributed by the nearby sources. Results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the seismic hazard in the Shanxi rift system and can thereby help guiding earthquake risk mitigation in the future.

scholarly journals 3D reconstruction of syn-tectonic strata in a salt-related orogen: learnings from the Llert syncline (South-central Pyrenees)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Adrià Ramos ◽  
Berta Lopez-Mir ◽  
Elisabeth P. Wilson ◽  
Pablo Granado ◽  
Josep Anton Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Passive Margins ◽  
Fold System ◽  
The North ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
South Central ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Central Pyrenees

The Llert syncline is located in the South-central Pyrenees, between the eastern termination of the EW-trending Cotiella Basin and the north-western limb of the NS-trending Turbón-Serrado fold system. The Cotiella Basin is an inverted upper Coniacian-lower Santonian salt-floored post-rift extensional basin developed along the northern Iberian rift system. The Turbón-Serrado fold system consists of upper Santonian – Maastrichtian contractional salt-cored anticlines developed along an inverted transfer zone of the Pyrenean rift system. Based on field research, this paper presents a 3D reconstruction of the Llert syncline in order to further constrain the transition between these oblique salt-related structures. Our results suggest that the evolution of the Llert syncline was mainly controlled by tectonic shortening related to the tectonic inversion of the Cotiella Basin synchronously to the growth of the Turbón-Serrado detachment anticline, and by the pre-compressional structural framework of the Pyrenean rift system. Our contribution provides new insight into the geometric and kinematic relationships of structures developed during the inversion of passive margins involving salt.

scholarly journals Kinematic sequence stratigraphy of the European Cenozoic Rift System and Alpine Foreland Basin: correlation with Mediterranean and Atlantic plate-boundary events

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sissingh
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Rift System ◽  
The North ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Alpine Foreland Basin ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Plate Kinematics

AbstractA review of the sequence stratigraphic development of the Tertiary basins of the North and West Alpine Foreland domains shows that their structural and depositional history was episodically affected by brief tectonic phases. These were associated with intermittent deformation events induced by the collisional convergence and compressional coupling of the Apulian and Iberian microplates with the European Plate. The plate kinematics-related episodicity was essentially isochronously recorded in the basin fills of the Alpine Foreland region. These are generally correlative with changes in eustatic sea level. The ensuing correlative successions of so-called Cenozoic Rift and Foredeep (CRF) sequences and phases can be traced throughout the European Cenozoic Rift System and Alpine Foreland Basin. Their temporal correlation indicates that, apparently, the changes in the plate collision-related stress regime of the Alpine Foreland were repeatedly accompanied by coeval changes in eustatic sea level. To test and substantiate the validity of this inferred causal relationship between intraplate deposition, plate kinematics and eustacy, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basins of the Mediterranean plate-boundary zone has been analysed in conjunction with a review of the plate-boundary events in the North Atlantic. Within the uncertainty range of available datings, synchroneity could thus be demonstrated for the punctuated tectonostratigraphic development of basins of the western Mediterranean (comprising the Liguro-Provençal Basin, Valencia Trough, Sardinia Rift and Tyrrhenian Basin), the Apenninic-Calabrian Arc, the Betic domain (including the Alboran Basin) and the North and West Alpine Foreland regions. Similar temporal correlations of plate tectonicsrelated events near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic and tectonostratigraphic sequences and phases of the Alpino-Pyrenean Foreland basins are further evidence of a common causal mechanism. The driving mechanisms appear to have been the northward drift of Africa and the resulting mechanical coupling of Apulia and Iberia with the southern passive margin of Europe, as well as the stepwise opening of the North Atlantic and accompanying episodic plate re-organisations of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Crust-mantle velocity structure in Shanxi rift, Central North China Craton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Cai ◽  
Jianping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Upper Mantle ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
North China Craton ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
North China ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
The North ◽  
Shanxi Rift

<p>North China Craton is the oldest craton in the world. It contains the eastern, central and western part. Shanxi rift and Taihang mountain contribute the central part. With strong tectonic deformation and intense seismic activity, its crust-mantle deformation and deep structure have always been highly concerned. In recent years, China Earthquake Administration has deployed a dense temporary seismic array in North China. With the permanent and temporary stations, we obtained the crust-mantle S-wave velocity structure in the central North China Craton by using the joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion. The results show that the crustal thickness is thick in the north of the Shanxi rift (42km) and thin in the south (35km). Datong basin, located in the north of the rift, exhibits large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the middle-lower crust and upper mantle; the Taiyuan basin and Linfen basin, located in the central part, have high velocities in the lower crust and upper mantle; the Yuncheng basin, in the southern part, has low velocities in the lower crust and upper mantle velocities, but has a high-velocity layer below 80 km. We speculate that an upwelling channel beneath the west of the Datong basin caused the low velocity anomalies there. In the central part of the Shanxi rift, magmatic bottom intrusion occurred before the tension rifting, so that the heated lithosphere has enough time to cool down to form high velocity. Its current lithosphere with high temperature may indicate the future deformation and damage. There may be a hot lithospheric uplift in the south of the Shanxi rift, heating the crust and the lithospheric mantle. The high-velocity layer in its upper mantle suggests that the bottom of the lithosphere after the intrusion of the magma began to cool down.</p>

The architecture and the multi-stage evolution of the North Iberian margin (Bay of Biscay)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cadenas ◽  
Gianreto Manatschal ◽  
Gabriela Fernández-Viejo
Keyword(s):  
Rift System ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Rifted Margins ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stratigraphic Architecture ◽  
Half Graben ◽  
Iberian Margin

<p>In this work, we address the problem of the formation and reactivation of multi-stage rifting based on the study of the central North Iberian margin, located at the southern Bay of Biscay triangular oceanic domain. This magma-poor rifted margin registered three major Mesozoic rift events and a subsequent Alpine compressional reactivation, representing a unique setting to study the architecture of a multi-stage rift system and its control on subsequent reactivation. Based on a dense dataset of high quality 2D seismic reflection profiles, boreholes and published velocity models, we define, describe and map structural domains, major extensional and compressional structures, and the depth and thickness of syn-rift units. We provide new structural maps showing the geometry and spatial distribution of major rift basins and bounding structures.</p><p>The analysis of the tectono-stratigraphic architecture led us to define three rift systems. A diffuse and widespread of Triassic age, with classical fault-bounded half-graben basins, a second, narrow, deep and localised Late Jurassic to Barremian transtensional system, and a third, widely distributed Aptian to Cenomanian hyperextended system, including two distinctive domains. Our results show that each rift system controlled successive rift events, and that the stacking and overlap of the three rift systems resulted in a complex and segmented 3D template that guided subsequent compressional reactivation. Compression affected on a distinctive way the three rift systems, leading to an amplification of the margin segmentation.</p><p>This work shows that unravelling the tectono-stratigraphic architecture and evolution of multi-stage rift systems can provide key insights not only to decipher the spatial and temporal evolution of divergent plate boundaries, but also to set up present-day kinematic templates to test dynamic plate deformable models of conjugate rifted margins. It will also be a keystone to constrain early stages of margin reactivation and the architecture of reactivated rifted margins now incorporated in orogenic systems.</p>

Thermal signature of the lithosphere below sedimentary basins in extensional, compressive and transform settings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth ◽  
Judith Bott ◽  
Mauro Cacace ◽  
Denis Anikiev ◽  
Maria Laura Gomez Dacal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Upper Rhine Graben ◽  
East African Rift System ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Passive Margins ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Signature

<p>The configuration of the lithosphere below sedimentary basins varies in response to the basin-forming mechanism, the lifetime of the causative stress fields and the lithological heterogeneity inherited from pre-basin tectonic events. Accordingly, the deep thermal configuration is a function of the tectonic setting, the time since the thermal disturbance occurred and the internal heat sources within the lithosphere. We compare deep thermal configurations in different settings based on data-constrained 3D lithosphere-scale thermal models that consider both geological and geophysical observations and physical processes of heat transfer. The results presented come from a varied range of tectonic settings including: (1) the extensional settings of the Upper Rhine Graben and the East African Rift System, where we show that rifts can be hot for different reasons; (2) the North and South Atlantic passive margins, demonstrating that magma-rich passive margins can be comparatively hot or cold depending on the thermo-tectonic age; (3) the Alps, where we find that foreland basins are influenced by the conductive properties and heat-producing units of the adjacent orogen; and (4)the Sea of Marmara, along the westernmost sector of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, that suggest strike-slip basins may be thermally segmented.</p>

Tholeiite from the Simien alkali basalt centre, Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. LeBas ◽  
P. A. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Olivine Basalt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The North ◽  
Igneous Provinces ◽  
Alkali Olivine Basalt ◽  
African Rift ◽  
Dyke Swarms ◽  
Phase Activity

SummaryThe Ethiopian Cainozoic volcanics associated with the African rift system comprise one of the world's most voluminous alkaline igneous provinces. The Simien Mountains are the remnants of a Miocene alkali olivine-basalt volcanic centre in the north-western part of this province. The end-phase activity at Simien featured intrusion of dyke-swarms of two trends, one parallel to the rift system, the other almost perpendicular to it. Dykes of the rift trend are typically alkaline, but a dyke sampled from the other trend proves to be an olivine-tholeiite. Its presence is interpreted, along with similar rocks from the Harar region in eastern Ethiopia, in terms of upper mantle rifting extending from the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea under the continental blocks of the Ethiopian swell.

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