Analysis of Alternatives, Selections, and Replacements

Author(s):  
Hussein K. Abdel-Aal
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Radziejowska ◽  
Joanna Sagan ◽  
Anna Sobotka

Abstract Protection of buildings against the pernicious radiation types can be achieved by simultaneous structural and shielding parameters. Those shields are mainly made of heavyweight concrete, which causes many serious problems in the areas of technology, supply logistics, financial supply, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, and substitutions of structural and material solutions. This work presents a case study of the construction of the university building with rooms requiring protection against malicious radiations. Apart from that, it presents the problems and solutions that occurred during the construction from the perspective of the works contractor. This study was also expanded to include the analysis of alternatives for construction-materials. The obtained results were used to develop a generalized scheme, which will be helpful in the preparation and implementation of any facilities requiring fixed radiation shields.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-730
Author(s):  
Donald M. Berwick ◽  
Shan Cretin ◽  
Emmett Keeler

Cost-effectiveness analysis is used to compare proposed cholesterol control programs. The analysis employs estimates of such biologic variables as effect of diet on cholesterol level, stability of level, and change in morbidity with level. Sensitivity analysis identifies the biologic and behavioral uncertainties that most critically affect policy choices. At a discount rate of 5%, a cholesterol-screening program for all 10-year-old children would cost about $10,000 per year of life saved. Rescreening would not improve efficiency. Targeted screening of high-risk children could improve efficiency by 25%, but would benefit only one sixth as many people. Community-wide interventions without screening may be more efficient by a factor of 3. The cost per year of life saved is most affected by the rate of discount and the dollar cost of changing behavior, but is insensitive to stability of cholesterol rank order and to the cost of screening.


Author(s):  
Luis García-Tabarés ◽  
Marcos Lafoz ◽  
Jorge Torres ◽  
Gustavo Soriano ◽  
Daniel Orient ◽  
...  

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Whiteside

This Special Issue attempts to clarify how urban infrastructure is being funded, financed and governed. In this commentary, I seek to engage the topic of the Special Issue as a whole – infrastructure financialisation and its governance – albeit through examples provided by individual article contributions. It is a collection emphasising the tangled interaction between public and private, urging a view of financialisation beyond the binary states vs. markets, and highlighting the multiple actors with multiple agendas at play. The articles provide richly detailed accounts of how the local state remains active, participatory and deeply – if not daily – involved in infrastructure financialisation, even/especially when finance is at its most influential. Not without its limitations, three occlusions in this Special Issue present opportunities for future research, namely the need to: i) extend critical analyses of financialisation; ii) enhance related research on social infrastructure, operational phase processes and treatment of the global South; and iii) advance academic analysis of alternatives to infrastructure financialisation.


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