Voter Strategies Under Preferential Electoral Systems: A Single Transferable Vote Mock Ballot Survey of London Voters

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Shaun Bowler ◽  
David M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Single Transferable Vote

Alternatywne ordynacje wyborcze. Przykład Australii i Irlandii

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Michał Urbańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Voting System

The essence of democracy is the rule of the sovereign, that is the nation, today understood as all of the state’s citizens. At present, the most common type of governance is representative democracy, exercised by representatives elected from the citizens themselves. Therefore, for the proper functioning of liberal democracy it is difficult to find a more important issue than the procedure for the election of those who govern us. The article presents two alternative electoral systems: an alternative voting system (AV) and the system of Single Transferable Vote (STV).

Electoral Systems in Context

2017 ◽  
pp. 650-672
Author(s):  
Michael Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
National Parliament ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Public ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Ireland is unusual in using the single transferable vote to elect its national parliament. The system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, and those lower preferences are used to allocate seats when a count of first preferences shows that candidates have no overall majority or, in multiseat elections, do not reach a set quota. The party system showed little fragmentation until recently, and proportionality has been only a little less than in many proportional representation systems. The public twice rejected moves to change the system and continues to express satisfaction with the control it appears to give them over their representatives, despite the criticisms expressed by many politicians and commentators.

Electoral Systems in Context

2017 ◽  
pp. 740-762
Author(s):  
Louis Massicotte
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Long Time

Starting in 1758, elections have been held in various Canadian jurisdictions using first past the post. The same system is now used everywhere in Canada, even though the country ceased a long time ago to be a British colony. Whether constituencies should elect one member or more remained an issue for a long time, but single-member constituencies now prevail for federal, provincial, and territorial elections. For limited periods of time, a few provinces have experienced with alternative voting, the single transferable vote, or the limited vote, but all later reverted to plurality. The debate on the appropriate electoral system remains lively. Many Canadians support proportional representation, and in recent years, mixed-member proportional has emerged as the option most preferred by reformers. However, all attempts in that direction have failed so far, including the process launched by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in 2015.

Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
Seat Allocation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Allocation Methods

The relationship between electoral systems can be examined on a number of dimensions. Seat allocation methods are conveniently divided into two groups: those based on largest remainders and those based on highest averages. The single transferable vote has its own distinct characteristics. Focusing on certain elements – the quota, thresholds, paradoxes and the conditions under which a majority of seats can be won – enables comparisons to be drawn between seat allocation methods. Certain seat allocation methods conventionally seen as variants of proportional representation (PR) cannot be regarded as such. PR methods can be rank ordered according to whether, when complete proportionality is not attainable, they display electoral bias towards larger or smaller parties. However, a definitive ordering is elusive, since some methods that are generally more favourable to larger parties can in some circumstances set lower thresholds of representation than methods generally favourable to smaller parties.

Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management. By Benjamin Reilly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 232p. $60.00 cloth, $22.00 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-866
Author(s):  
Shaheen Mozaffar
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
Alternative Vote ◽  
Alternative Position

Benjamin Reilly makes an important contribution to the debate on the appropriate institutional design of electoral systems for mitigating conflict and sustaining democracy in ethnically plural societies. The dominant position in this debate posits the importance of proportional representation (PR) systems. An alternative position, less widely accepted largely because of an ostensible absence of empirical examples, posits the importance of majoritarian preferential systems that encourage cross-ethnic vote pooling. Reilly extends this debate by drawing on heretofore unknown or understudied cases to examine the operation of both majoritarian (the alternative vote or AV and the supplementary vote or SV) and proportional (single-transferable vote or STV) preferential systems in different social contexts and in different elections (legislative and presidential).

scholarly journals Incentives to Cultivate Favored Minorities Under Alternative Electoral Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger B. Myerson
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Approval Voting ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
Sincere Voting ◽  
Multicandidate Elections

A simple model is used to compare, under different electoral systems, the incentives for candidates to create inequalities among otherwise homogeneous voters, by making campaign promises that favor small groups, rather than appealing equally to all voters. In this game model, each candidate generates offers for voters independently out of a distribution that is chosen by the candidate, subject only to the constraints that offers must be nonnegative and have mean 1. Symmetric equilibria with sincere voting are analyzed for two-candidate elections and for multicandidate elections under rank-scoring rules, approval voting, and single transferable vote. Voting rules that can guarantee representation for minorities in multiseat elections generate, in this model, the most severely unequal campaign promises.

Electoral System Changes and Voter Turnout: Reflections on New Zealand Local Elections

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Jacky Yaakov Zvulun
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact

Voter turnout in local and general elections is a key element in measuring citizen participation. From 2004, New Zealand local elections were unique in that local councils had the choice of two different electoral systems: plurality majority and proportional representation. We have here the opportunity to study more about New Zealand local elections and changes in electoral systems. This article analyses the impact of the "Single Transferable Vote” electoral system in those councils that adopted it, comparing it to those councils which used "First Past the Post". This article explains how the STV electoral system has not increased voter turnout and was not the cause of low voter turnout in the 2004-2007 local elections. It might, however, offer voters a better way to choose their preferences.

Preferential Voting: Definition and Classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Toplak
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
Alternative Vote ◽  
Preference Voting ◽  
Election Systems ◽  
Common Understanding

There is no single definition for ‘preferential voting’ or ‘preference voting’ since the terms are used for a number of different election systems and groups of such systems. They can be synonymous with the single-transferable vote, the alternative vote, open-list proportional representation, or the group of all ranking methods. This article offers an overview of the various definitions and classifications of preferential voting and other terms used in the literature to describe it. It proposes a common understanding of preferential voting. I suggest that preferentiality ought to be one of the characteristics by which electoral systems are evaluated. All election systems are preferential, though to varying degrees. I offer a classification of numerous electoral schemes according to their preferentiality.

scholarly journals Electoral Systems in Context

2017 ◽  
pp. 626-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Carl Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Single Transferable Vote ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The United Kingdom is well known for the single-member plurality or, more colloquially, the first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system. Devolution of power in the late twentieth century, however, introduced new bodies and positions with new electoral systems, with the total reaching six. These consisted of three majoritarian systems (FPTP, multiple nontransferable vote, and supplementary vote) and three proportional systems (single transferable vote, mixed-member proportional representation, and regional list proportional representation). Sample election results are presented and examined. Despite the presence of several different electoral systems and party systems in the United Kingdom with the development of multilevel governance, FPTP appears to be entrenched at Westminster, just as FPTP systems abroad have, in most cases, also resisted change.

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