Multi-DMEs for alternative position, navigation and timing (A-PNT)

Distance measuring equipment (DME/DME) as the main reversionary method provides alternative positioning, navigation and timing (A-PNT) services for use during a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) outage. Considering the geometry limitation of DME/DME, multi-DMEs with better geometry can be used to increase the accuracy and integrity performance of positioning. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges related to use of multi-DMEs as an alternate source of positioning, navigation and timing. To support the performance for A-PNT, the basic idea is considering the existing installed equipment. In this paper, barometer altimeter and TACAN are used to help improve the performance of A-PNT provided by multi-DMEs both in accuracy and integrity. Based on the database of EUROCONTROL, the test results demonstrate that 79⋅7% of a reference area roughly matching with the continental European locations achieve RNP 1 using multi-DMEs when the DME measurement accuracy is 0⋅2 NM (95%). When the DME measurement accuracy is 0⋅1 NM (95%), 87⋅9% of the reference area can achieve RNP 1 using multi-DMEs. The usage of barometer/TACAN measurements aided multi-DMEs improves the performance of the accuracy and integrity monitoring.

Structural Activity Relationship-based Medicinal perspectives of Pyrimidine derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agent: A Comprehensive Review

: Pyrimidine is an aromatic and heterocyclic organic compound containing a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon and two nitrogen atoms on an alternative position. Pyrimidine scaffolds described its existence between the medicinal chemist’s cause of its synthesizing practicability and nonpoisonous nature. However, the reason behind the neurological disorder is still an open challenge in scientific research and development organizations. Despite high throughput research in the field of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs, the efficacy void is quite common before the researchers. Researchers have constantly investigated all the probabilities to restraint the unwanted adverse effects of the anti-Alzheimer’s agents or focusing on a more considerable perspective to decline or rehabilitate neurological disorder. The drug development has revealed aspiration to medicinal chemists and researchers to felicitate research by look over through a considerable literature survey. Therefore, the SAR study-based approach has been emphasized that pharmacological advancements of Pyrimidine moiety in the new era as therapeutics anti-Alzheimer’s agents.

Figure-of-nine position: A convenience trick for standard technique of ACL reconstruction

While position of leg during arthroscopy may not affect clinical outcome of a well-done ACL reconstruction, better view during reconstruction, more efficient fluid ingress in position of hyperflexion during femoral tunnel drilling, decreased crowding of instrumentation, and convenient disposition during surgery for surgeon and assistant with need for reduced logistics are some advantages of figure of nine position. Adoption of this alternative position in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is easy because it does not require alteration to standard technique of ACL reconstruction. There are even greater merits for considering this position for three portal medial viewing medial drilling techniques.

Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Hematophagy in Rhodniini (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

The Rhodniini tribe is one of the five tribes in the subfamily Triatominae and is notorious for its domestic blood-sucking pests and vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi across Latin America. The human and economic costs of the Chagas disease in the American tropics are considerable, and these insects are of unquestionable importance to humans. We used mitochondrial rDNA (16S), nuclear ribosomal RNA (28S) and wingless (Wg) sequences to perform phylogenetic analysis to derive trees based on parsimony and maximum likelihood. Nucleotide sequences were used in molecular-clock analyses to estimate time divergence between species of Rhodniini. The potential distribution of each species was modeled and compared with Kappa statistic. Multivariate niches with bioclimatic variables were used to describe differences between the species using discriminant analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Rhodniini originated 17.91 Mya ago. Rhodnius domesticus is the oldest species having its origin at 9.13 Mya. Rhodniini are closely related to Salyavatinae that are specialist termite predators and diverged from this subfamily 30.43 Mya. Most species are clearly allopatric and have distinct bioclimatic niches. The colonization of bromeliads, palms trees and bird nests represent important events for the speciation of these taxa. The hematophagous habit can be described as a scenario where Rhodniini’s ancestor could be pre-adapted for the invasion of bromeliads, palm trees, and bird nests where they would find significant water availability and thermal damping. These environments are widely used by vertebrate inquilines that would be the source of food for the species of Rhodniini. Lastly, our results show an alternative position of Psammolestes in the phylogenetic tree.

Branding the Open-minded Nation

In 2011, the Netherlands was invited to be the guest of honour at the Beijing Book Fair. This fair attracted controversy that revealed the tensions that exist between nation branding, public diplomacy, and literary autonomy: while its sponsor, the Ministry of Culture, regarded the fair as a perfect marketing opportunity, Amnesty International used the occasion to protest repression in China. Dutch authors invited to participate in the fair forged an alternative position by emphasizing their status as autonomous artists. However, an analysis of the debate in the Dutch media shows that both the Ministry, Amnesty International, the Dutch Foundation for Literature, and many authors interpreted the contact between Chinese and Dutch authors as a clash between an open(-minded) culture and a closed one.

Author Reply: Aligning Social Relations With Faces, Words, and Emotions

How do facial movements and verbal statements relate to emotional processes? A familiar answer is that the primary phenomenon is an internally located emotion that may then get expressed on the face and represented in words. In this view, emotion’s social functions and effects are indirect consequences of prior intrapsychic states or events. By contrast, my target article argued that facial and verbal activity are constituents rather than consequences of the dynamic production of fundamentally relational emotions. This article clarifies this alternative position and evaluates potential counterarguments.