Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) Networks for loT Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 323-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan. Zheng ◽  
Zhe. Yang ◽  
Xiong. Xiong ◽  
Wei. Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency in Short and Wide-Area IoT Technologies—A Survey

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eljona Zanaj ◽  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Alireza Mohammadpour ◽  
Özgü Alay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.

scholarly journals Reliability Improvement of LoRa with ARQ and Relay Node

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocksan Choi ◽  
SeungGwan Lee ◽  
Sungwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Forward Rate ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Automatic Repeat Request ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Iot Devices

In our modern world, many Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are being researched and developed. IoT devices are currently being used in many fields. IoT devices use Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, however, communication distance is short and battery consumption is high. In areas such as smart cities and smart farms, IoT technology is needed to support a wide coverage with low power consumption. Low Power Wide Area (LPWA), which is a transmission used in IoT supporting a wide area with low power consumption, has evolved. LPWA includes Long Range (LoRa), Narrowband (NB-IoT), and Sigfox. LoRa offers many benefits as it communicates the longest distances, is cheap and consumes less battery. LoRa is used in many countries and covers a range of hundreds of square kilometers (km2) with a single gateway. However, if there are many obstacles to smart cities and smart farms, it causes communication problems. This paper proposes two (2) solutions to this problem: the relay method which is a multi-hop method and the Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) system that detects packet loss in real-time and requests retransmission for LoRa. In this study, the actual performance of LoRa in the problematic environment was measured and the proposed method was applied. It was confirmed that the transmission rate of LoRa dropped when there were many obstacles such as trees. To use LoRa in a smart farm with a lot of space, multi-hop was observed to be better. An ARQ system is needed to compensate for the unexpected drop in the forward rate due to the increase in IoT devices. This research focused on reliability, however, additional network methods and automatic repeat request (ARQ) systems considering battery time should be researched in symmetry. This study covers the interdisciplinary field of computer science and wireless low power communication engineering. We have analyzed the LoRa/LoRaWAN technology in an experimental approach, which has been somewhat less studied than cellular network or WiFi technology. In addition, we presented and improved the performance evaluation results in consideration of various local and climatic environments.

scholarly journals Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 77454-77473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qahhar Muhammad Qadir ◽  
Tarik A. Rashid ◽  
Nawzad K. Al-Salihi ◽  
Birzo Ismael ◽  
Alexander A. Kist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Enabling Technologies

scholarly journals Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Petroni ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Leonisio Schepis ◽  
Mauro Biagi ◽  
Marco Listanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
File Synchronization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications.

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