Climate Change Impacts on Precipitation and Temperature

Climate is an important factor which formed and affected surface water resources. Through sensitivity analysis of natural runoff towards climate change, assuming the main factors effect runoff are precipitation and temperature, then according to the possible tendency of climate changes in the future, set climate scenarios, and use the hydrological model simulate the changes trend of runoff under different climate scenarios, thereby analyze the climate change impacts on surface water resources. The results show that annual runoff will be increased with the increasing annual precipitation, and it will be reduced with rise of annual temperature, the sensitivity that annual runoff towards the change of precipitation and temperature are equally notable, both of them are two major factors impact on the change of runoff and the precipitation change impacts on annual runoff will be even more obvious in flood season. Last, with the global warming trend, put forward the corresponding adaptive measures of energy conservation and emissions reduction。

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Precipitation and Temperature in Costa Rica at the End of the Century Based on NEX-GDDP Projected Scenarios

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11121323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1323

Author(s):

Rodrigo Castillo ◽

Jorge A. Amador

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Past Data ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

The evaluation of intraseasonal, seasonal, and annual variability of rainfall and temperature extremes, while using climate change scenarios data, is extremely important for socio-economic activities, such as water resources management. Costa Rica, a climate change hotspot, is largely dependent on rainfall for socioeconomic activities; hence, the relevance of this study. Based on the NEX-GDDP, rainfall and temperature range were analyzed for Costa Rica at the end of the century (2070–2099), while using 1970–1999 as a baseline for six available meteorological stations. Differences between the multimodel ensembles of two prospective scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and the historical information were computed. This study highlights Costa Rica as an inflexion region for climate change impacts in Central America, for which projected scenarios suggest an early onset of the rainy season, and a decline in the mid-summer drought (MSD) minimum. The assessment of model data in some regions of Costa Rica, for which historical data were available, suggests that the latter does not capture a well-known regional climate feature, the MSD, in both precipitation and temperature range well. The availability of observed past data sources is a major limitation of this research; however, with the station data used, it is still possible to draw some conclusions regarding future climate in some regions of Costa Rica, especially in the northwest side of the country, where past data are consistent with model information, providing a more reliable picture of changes in climate there that has potential implications for socioeconomic sectors.

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Statistical downscaling of precipitation and temperature in north‐central Chile: an assessment of possible climate change impacts in an arid Andean watershed

Hydrological Sciences Journal ◽

10.1080/02626660903526045 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 41-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Maxime Souvignet ◽

Hartmut Gaese ◽

Lars Ribbe ◽

Nicole Kretschmer ◽

Ricardo Oyarzún

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Statistical Downscaling ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

North Central ◽

Central Chile ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

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Climate change impacts on precipitation and temperature in Prince Edward Island, Canada

World Water Policy ◽

10.1002/wwp2.12046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽

Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque ◽

Nicholas Krouglicof ◽

Wayne Peters ◽

Bishnu Acharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

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Distribution-based scaling to improve usability of regional climate model projections for hydrological climate change impacts studies

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2010.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 211-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

Wei Yang ◽

Johan Andréasson ◽

L. Phil Graham ◽

Jonas Olsson ◽

Jörgen Rosberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Models ◽

Climate Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Regional Climate Models ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Impact Studies ◽

Emissions Scenarios ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

As climate change could have considerable influence on hydrology and corresponding water management, appropriate climate change inputs should be used for assessing future impacts. Although the performance of regional climate models (RCMs) has improved over time, systematic model biases still constrain the direct use of RCM output for hydrological impact studies. To address this, a distribution-based scaling (DBS) approach was developed that adjusts precipitation and temperature from RCMs to better reflect observations. Statistical properties, such as daily mean, standard deviation, distribution and frequency of precipitation days, were much improved for control periods compared to direct RCM output. DBS-adjusted precipitation and temperature from two IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRESA1B) transient climate projections were used as inputs to the HBV hydrological model for several river basins in Sweden for the period 1961–2100. Hydrological results using DBS were compared to results with the widely-used delta change (DC) approach for impact studies. The general signal of a warmer and wetter climate was obtained using both approaches, but use of DBS identified differences between the two projections that were not seen with DC. The DBS approach is thought to better preserve the future variability produced by the RCM, improving usability for climate change impact studies.

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Anthropogenic refugia ameliorate the severe climate-related decline of a montane mammal along its trailing edge

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2012.1301 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 279 (1745) ◽

pp. 4279-4286 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Toni Lyn Morelli ◽

Adam B. Smith ◽

Christina R. Kastely ◽

Ilaria Mastroserio ◽

Craig Moritz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Generalized Additive Models ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Additive Models ◽

Trailing Edge ◽

Human Land Use ◽

Precipitation And Temperature ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

We conducted detailed resurveys of a montane mammal, Urocitellus beldingi , to examine the effects of climate change on persistence along the trailing edge of its range. Of 74 California sites where U. beldingi were historically recorded (1902–1966), 42 per cent were extirpated, with no evidence for colonization of previously unoccupied sites. Increases in both precipitation and temperature predicted site extirpations, potentially owing to snowcover loss. Surprisingly, human land-use change buffered climate change impacts, leading to increased persistence and abundance. Excluding human-modified sites, U. beldingi has shown an upslope range retraction of 255 m. Generalized additive models of past distribution were predictive of modern range contractions (AUC = 0.76) and projected extreme reductions (52% and 99%, respectively) of U. beldingi's southwestern range to 2080 climates (Hadley and CCCMA A2). Our study suggests the strong impacts of climate change on montane species at their trailing edge and how anthropogenic refugia may mitigate these effects.

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Extreme precipitation and temperature events in the past decades and its future impacts in the São Paulo Macro Metropolis.

10.5194/ems2021-121 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thamiris Luisa de Oliveira Brandão Campos ◽

Edmilson Dias de Freitas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Extreme Events ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

South Atlantic Convergence Zone ◽

Urban Heat Islands ◽

Cmip5 Models ◽

North Coast ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

The S&#227;o Paulo Macro Metropolis (SPMM) is composed of five metropolitan regions (i.e., S&#227;o Paulo, Campinas, Para&#237;ba Valley and North Coast, Sorocaba, and Santos), two urban agglomerations (i.e., Piracicaba and Jundia&#237;) and a microregion of Bragan&#231;a. With an estimated 33 million inhabitants over an area 53,000 km2. Urban areas take up 11,000 km2 of this area, represented by 174 municipalities that account for nearly 73.9% of the state&#8217;s total population. The SPMM is already experiencing the impacts of severe climate events. It is situated along a transition climatic region between humid subtropical and tropical climates. Meteorological systems such as cold fronts, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (ZCAS), sea breezes, urban heat islands, and other local circulations associated with topography favor the occurrence of severe weather at different time scales. The study aims at understanding climate change effects on the intensity and frequency of temperature and precipitation extremes in the SPMM, contributing to the establishment of policies to reduce the existing socioenvironmental risks in urban areas. For this, the ability of observation systems, reanalysis (ERA5, ERA40, NCEP/NCAR, and Terra Climate), and remote sensing (CMAP and CPC) were analyzed and used to show the decadal evolution of extreme events in SPMM. We also investigated the potential of CMIP5 models to simulate the extreme precipitation and temperature events in the SPMM that occurred between the 1950s and 2005. Future climate changes in the SPMM were analyzed based on CMIP5 models that best simulate past extreme events in the SPMM, considering the different carbon emission scenarios. This study is important to develop adaptive strategies to deal with climate change impacts on urban areas, such as droughts and floods.

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