Immune System: Components and Disorders

2014 ◽  
pp. 531-540
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
System Components

scholarly journals Role of Immunity in Pathogenesis of Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Abdelghaffar ◽  
Oussama Sidhom ◽  
Lilia Laadhar ◽  
Rym Rafrafi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
System Components ◽  
The Brain

The involvement of immunity in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related psychoses was suspected a century ago but was shadowed by the dopaminergic hypothesis after the discovery of antipsychotics. We currently know that this latter theory has many limits and cannot account for the wide variety of psychotic conditions. The immune-inflammatory theory is now one of the most promising axes of research in terms of pathogenesis of several mental health conditions. Immunity and inflammation play a role at least in a subgroup of patients with psychosis. The immune system is complex with a variety of components and mediators that can all have effects on the brain and thus mediate psychiatric symptoms. In this chapter we will explore the scientific evidence of the role of immune system in pathophysiology of psychosis. The sections of this chapter will discuss the role of innate system components (cytokines, microglia, inflammation.), the role of adaptive system (lymphocytes and antibodies) with a section focusing on auto-immunity and particularly antineuronal antibodies. Finally we will discuss how this research can impact patients management and elaborate recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Tumor and immunity

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Kazbarienė
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Transformed Cells ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
System Components

System of organism defense is an important complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, genetic, and other components, which regulate homeostasis of host. Experimental and clinical data show that immune system functions are significant, but also a complicated question in cancer development. It is very important to investigate and understood how immune system coordinates the response to cancer cells. Our understanding about innate and adaptive immunity functions and interaction with transformed cells is constantly changing. Different responses of these system components can promote, reduce, or inhibit tumor development. It is established that malignant cells develop into invasive cancer with interaction with tumor microenvironment, which is influenced by inflammation. Clinical and experimental studies have revealed the link between inflammation and cancer risk. Many cancers develop in the sites of inflammation. Activation of humoral and cellular immunity may predispose to neoplastic or cancer development. Despite the scientific progress, understanding of the immune system mechanisms responding to malignance remains insufficient.

scholarly journals Human NK cells of mice with reconstituted human immune system components require preactivation to acquire functional competence

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 4158-4167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Strowig ◽  
Obinna Chijioke ◽  
Paolo Carrega ◽  
Frida Arrey ◽  
Sonja Meixlsperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
System Components ◽  
Human Immune

Abstract To investigate human natural killer (NK)–cell reactivity in vivo we have reconstituted human immune system components by transplantation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells into NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice. We demonstrate here that this model allows the development of all NK-cell subsets that are also found in human adult peripheral and cord blood, including NKp46+CD56− NK cells. Similar to human cord blood, NK cells from these reconstituted mice require preactivation by interleukin-15 to reach the functional competence of human adult NK cells. Mainly the terminally differentiated CD16+ NK cells demonstrate lower reactivity without this stimulation. After preactivation, both CD16+ and CD16− NK cells efficiently produce interferon-γ and degranulate in response to stimulation with NK cell–susceptible targets, including K562 erythroleukemia cells. NK-cell lines, established from reconstituted mice, demonstrate cytotoxicity against this tumor cell line. Importantly, preactivation can as well be achieved by bystander cell maturation via poly I:C stimulation in vitro and injection of this maturation stimulus in vivo. Preactivation in vivo enhances killing of human leukocyte antigen class I negative tumor cells after their adoptive transfer. These data suggest that a functional, but resting, NK-cell compartment can be established in immune-compromised mice after human hematopoietic progenitor cell transfer.

Stage dependent destructuration of neuro-endocrine-immune system components in lung cancer patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli ◽  
Andrea Fontana ◽  
Massimiliano Copetti ◽  
Fabio Pellegrini ◽  
Ada Piepoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
System Components

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BISA NAJA SPUTATRIX TERHADAP KADAR INTERLEUKIN-2 SERUM DARAH MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI BENZO(A)PYRENE

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Anindyajati ◽  
Bambang Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
System Components ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Global Health Problem

Cancer has become a global health problem arisen from exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Interleukin-2 is one of immune system components believed to play roles in eradicating cancer. Cobra venom has antitumor effect and also contain protease which could boost up immune system. This research was aimed at analyzing Naja sputatrix venoms effect to increase interleukin-2 level in blood sera of mice induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Four group of Balb-C mice were used. The first group (control) and second group (treatment with Naja sputatrix venom) consist of 5 mices. There are 6 mices used in group 3 and 4, both were injected intramuscularly by benzo(a)pyrene (0,3L/0,01mL oleum oil) at day 1, 8 and 15. Three months after, observation was carried out to see changes occured in their liver and lungs. Naja sputatrix venom 0,1 mL (diluted in saline 1:100) was given to group 2 and 4 for 30 days. Blood was collected from all groups and centrifuge to form sera. Level of interleukin-2 in sera was measured by ELISA method. The results show that Group 2 has the highest mean level of interleukin-2 (136,837 pg/mL), and group 3 has the lowest (8,996 pg/mL). Level of interleukin-2 in group 4 is slightly higher than group 3 (10,632 pg/mL). Kruskal-Wallis analysis result come with Sig. 0,155; therefore shows no significance(p>0,05). It is therefore concluded that Naja sputatrix venom do not increase interleukin-2 level in blood sera of mice induced by benzo(a)pyrene

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Nobile ◽  
Michela Tenace ◽  
Helen Pappa
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
System Components ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Vitamin D has a complex role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is still under investigation. We conducted a literature search using PubMed through December 2018 through the use of relevant search terms. We found an abundance of evidence to support the role of vitamin D in regulating the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The pathogenesis of IBD implicates the immune dysregulation of these immune system components. Proof of concept of the vitamin’s role in the pathogenesis of IBD is the mapping of the vitamin D receptor in a region of chromosome 12, where IBD is also mapped, and specific VDR polymorphisms’ link to IBD phenotypes. Further research is needed to better delineate vitamin D’s role in preventing IBD and its potential as a therapeutic target for this disease.

CONTRIBUTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPONENTS TO TOURETTE SYNDROME

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
B. H. Liwnicz ◽  
A. D. Levine ◽  
S. M. Roddy ◽  
O. R. Fagoaga ◽  
S. L. Nehlsen-Cannarella
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
System Components
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