Aggregation and blood flow in health and disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-213
Author(s):  
Viviana Clavería ◽  
Christian Wagner ◽  
Philippe Connes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Health And Disease

Astrocytes in health and disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (15) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Murányi ◽  
Zsombor Lacza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Dysfunction ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Neuronal Synapses ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

It is now known that astrocytes are not merely supporting cells but they also play an important role in neuronal funcions. Astrocytes tightly ensheat neuronal synapses and regulate the excitation of neurons by uptaking neurotransmitters; reglulate the cerebral blood flow, cerebral fluid volume and extracellular concentrations of ions. They also supply fuel in the form of lactate and provide free radical scavangers such as glutathione for active neurons. These facts indicate that impaired function of astrocytes may lead to neuronal dysfunction. After brain injury (stroke, trauma or tumors) astrocytes are swollen and release active molecules such as glutamate or free radicals resulting in neuronal dysfunction. Thus, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of astrocyte function may reveal novel targets for the development of therapeutic tools in neuronal diseases.

Microfluidics to Mimic Blood Flow in Health and Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Sebastian ◽  
Petra S. Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Health And Disease

Determination of Blood Flow in Superficial Arteries of Human Face using Doppler Ultrasonography in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedal Iqbal ◽  
Khubaib Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz ◽  
Faiqua Yasser ◽  
Ayesha Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Diseased State

Background: Human face is highly vascular region and vascularity to the skin and other organs is an important indicator of health and disease. Change in blood flow is affected by aging, diabetes, high blood triglycerides, cigarette smoking etc. With so many factors that can alter blood flow in the skin, normal blood flow is important to know for comparison to diseased state. Blood flow in superficial arteries of face has not yet been described, therefore this study was designed to establish baseline blood flow values in arteries of face. Materials and Methods: Blood flow of right and left side was assessed at level of facial and infraorbital artery. Categorical variables were presented in form of frequency and percentages was done by using Mann-Whitney U. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare left and right facial and infra orbital arteries. Results: Peak systolic velocity of right and left facial artery had a significant difference having right side mean of 67.02±12.48 and left side mean as 72.67±11.69. Facial artery diameter of right and left side also had significant difference with mean of 0.14±0.02 and 0.15±0.02 respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found between vascularity in male & female and left or right side. The study might be useful to establish normal baseline values of various parameters on both sides of face in male and female adults. This study may become important reference for future studies measuring blood flow and even progression of vascular diseases may be assessed by indexes developed on the basis of these studies.

Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow in Health and Disease

Retina ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Harris ◽  
David Bingaman ◽  
Thomas A. Ciulla ◽  
Bruce Martin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Choroidal Blood Flow ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Dynamics of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during moderate-intensity exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Billinger ◽  
Jesse C. Craig ◽  
Sarah J. Kwapiszeski ◽  
Jason-Flor V. Sisante ◽  
Eric D. Vidoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Response Profile ◽  
Health And Disease

The dynamic response to a stimulus such as exercise can reveal valuable insights into systems control in health and disease that are not evident from the steady-state perturbation. However, the dynamic response profile and kinetics of cerebrovascular function have not been determined to date. We tested the hypotheses that bilateral middle cerebral artery blood flow mean velocity (MCAV) increases exponentially following the onset of moderate-intensity exercise in 10 healthy young subjects. The MCAV response profiles were well fit to a delay (TD) + exponential (time constant, τ) model with substantial agreement for baseline [left (L): 69, right (R): 64 cm/s, coefficient of variation (CV) 11%], response amplitude (L: 16, R: 13 cm/s, CV 23%), TD (L: 54, R: 52 s, CV 9%), τ (L: 30, R: 30 s, CV 22%), and mean response time (MRT) (L: 83, R: 82 s, CV 8%) between left and right MCAV as supported by the high correlations (e.g., MRT r = 0.82, P < 0.05) and low CVs. Test-retest reliability was high with CVs for the baseline, amplitude, and MRT of 3, 14, and 12%, respectively. These responses contrasted markedly with those of three healthy older subjects in whom the MCAV baseline and exercise response amplitude were far lower and the kinetics slowed. A single older stroke patient showed baseline ipsilateral MCAV that was lower still and devoid of any exercise response whatsoever. We conclude that kinetics analysis of MCAV during exercise has significant potential to unveil novel aspects of cerebrovascular function in health and disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Resolution of the dynamic stimulus-response profile provides a greater understanding of the underlying the physiological control processes than steady-state measurements alone. We report a novel method of measuring cerebrovascular blood velocity (MCAv) kinetics under ecologically valid conditions from rest to moderate-intensity exercise. This technique reveals that brain blood flow increases exponentially following the onset of exercise with 1) a strong bilateral coherence in young healthy individuals, and 2) a potential for unique age- and disease-specific profiles.

A hemodynamic analysis of coronary capillary blood flow based on anatomic and distensibility data

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. H2158-H2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan S. Kassab ◽  
Kha N. Le ◽  
Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Network ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Health ◽  
Epicardial Surface ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Vascular Geometry ◽  
Physical Laws

An understanding of cardiac health and disease requires knowledge of the various factors that control coronary capillary blood flow. An analysis of coronary capillary blood flow based on a complete set of actual data on the capillary anatomy and elasticity does not exist. Previously, a complete set of data on the branching pattern and the vascular geometry of the pig coronary capillary network were obtained in our laboratory. In the present study, we obtained distensibility data on the coronary capillary blood vessels on the epicardial surface in the form of a pressure-diameter relationship using intravital microscopy. A mathematical model of the coronary capillary blood flow was then constructed on the basis of measured anatomic and elasticity data of the coronary capillary network, rheology of blood, physical laws governing blood flow, and appropriate boundary conditions. The constructed model was used to examine the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of coronary blood flow, which is an important issue in coronary physiology. One interesting result of the model is that the dispersions of pressure and flow are significantly reduced in the presence of capillary cross-connections, and the resistance to flow is reduced as well. Finally, we found that the compliance of the epicardial surface capillary vessels is so small that its effect on the blood pressure drop is negligible in the diastolic state. However, the compliance of the intramyocardial capillaries remains unknown, and the interaction of the muscle contraction and blood vessel elasticity in systole remains to be studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document