Determination of Blood Flow in Superficial Arteries of Human Face using Doppler Ultrasonography in Young Adults

Background: Human face is highly vascular region and vascularity to the skin and other organs is an important indicator of health and disease. Change in blood flow is affected by aging, diabetes, high blood triglycerides, cigarette smoking etc. With so many factors that can alter blood flow in the skin, normal blood flow is important to know for comparison to diseased state. Blood flow in superficial arteries of face has not yet been described, therefore this study was designed to establish baseline blood flow values in arteries of face. Materials and Methods: Blood flow of right and left side was assessed at level of facial and infraorbital artery. Categorical variables were presented in form of frequency and percentages was done by using Mann-Whitney U. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare left and right facial and infra orbital arteries. Results: Peak systolic velocity of right and left facial artery had a significant difference having right side mean of 67.02±12.48 and left side mean as 72.67±11.69. Facial artery diameter of right and left side also had significant difference with mean of 0.14±0.02 and 0.15±0.02 respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found between vascularity in male & female and left or right side. The study might be useful to establish normal baseline values of various parameters on both sides of face in male and female adults. This study may become important reference for future studies measuring blood flow and even progression of vascular diseases may be assessed by indexes developed on the basis of these studies.

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Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1136/wjps-2018-000030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e000030

Author(s):

Shoujiang Huang ◽

Canping Li ◽

Xiuzhen Yang ◽

Jianfeng Liang ◽

Dongpi Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Control Group ◽

Pampiniform Plexus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied. Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group, and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group. Boys with polydactylism served as the control. One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups. Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.ResultsA total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study (IH group 29, MIH group 26, and control group 25). SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group. After herniorrhaphy, SC-W was tapered down to normal size. SC-W, SA-PSV, and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.ConclusionPSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH, and PP-V was negatively correlated; herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.

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Blood Flow Changes in Forearm Arteries After Ultrasound-guided Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks: a Prospective Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-103754/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Xu ◽

Derong Cui ◽

Junfeng Zhang ◽

Qian Ding ◽

Jing Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Brachial Plexus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Volumetric Flow Rate ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flow Changes

Abstract BackgroundAs a new approach, an infraclavicular brachial plexus block (BPB) at the costoclavicular space (CCS) has been shown to be effective in achieving a sensory and motor blockade in the forearm. However, no studies have assessed blood flow changes in the forearm arteries after a costoclavicular BPB. The purpose of the present study was to assess blood flow changes in the distal radial artery (RA) and ulnar artery (UA) after a costoclavicular BPB using color Doppler ultrasound.MethodsThirty patients who underwent amputated finger replantation and received an ultrasound-guided costoclavicular BPB were included in the study. The hemodynamic parameters of the RA and UA were recorded before the block and 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min after the block using color Doppler ultrasound to determine the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (Vmean), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and area. The volumetric flow rate (VFR) was calculated using the formula Q=area×Vmean. The aforementioned parameters were compared not only before and after the BPB but also between the RA and UA.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the PSV, EDV, Vmean, area, and VFR and a significant decrease in the PI and RI of the RA and UA 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min postblock compared with the respective baselines. The increase of 30 min postblock in EDV (258.68% in the RA, 279.63% in the UA) was the most notable, followed by that in the Vmean (183.36% in the RA, 235.24% in the UA), and the PSV (139.11% in the RA, 153.15% in the UA) changed minimally. The Vmean and VFR of the RA were significantly greater than those of the UA before the BPB, howerver, there was no significant difference in VFR between RA and UA after the BPB.ConclusionsA costoclavicular BPB can increase blood flow in the forearm arteries. The RA had a higher volumetric flow rate than the UA before the BPB; however, the potential blood supply capacity of the UA is similar to that of the RA after a BPB.Trial registrationThis study was registered in Chictr.org.cn registry system on 12 June 2019 (ChiCTR1900023796).

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Transcranial doppler findings in basilar artery dolichoectasia: a case control study

American Journal of BioMedicine ◽

10.18081/2333-5106/9.4/188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 177-188

Author(s):

Zaid Hussein ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Transcranial Doppler ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Control Study

Basilar artery dolichoectasia (BAD) is a disorder characterized by dilatation, elongation and tortuosity of the basilar artery. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a useful tool that can detect blood flow in intracranial vessels including basilar artery (BA). Few studies have been conducted on blood flow changes in BAD. This study was conducted to evaluate the Doppler parameters in dolichoectatic BA and to assess if there is any difference in TCD findings between stroke and non-stroke BAD patients. A case-control study was conducted on 35 patients diagnosed with BAD (26 male, 9 female) and 35 age- and gender-matched control group (without BAD) at the Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center, Al-Sader Medical City, Al-Najaf, Iraq. Dolichoectasia was diagnosed on non-enhanced brain CT scan using established imaging criteria according to Dan Deng et al criteria. Doppler flow for control and stroke cases was recorded. The parameters measured on TCD were peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) mean blood velocity (MBV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI). After logistic regression for adjustment for the significant confounders, there was statistically significant difference in Doppler parameters between both groups including decrease in each of PSV, EDV and MBV while both PI and RI weren’t statistically significant. Among BAD patients, there was statistically significant difference in all TCD parameters between stroke and non-stroke patients (PSV EDV, MBV, PI and RI). BAD was associated with a decrease in flow velocities as measured by TCD. Furthermore, among BAD patients, those with stroke had lower values for all Doppler parameters than non-stroke patients.

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Transcranial doppler findings in basilar artery dolichoectasia: a case control study

American Journal of BioMedicine ◽

10.18081/2333-5106/9.4/18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 177-188

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Transcranial Doppler ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Control Study

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Case-control study on ocular changes and ophthalmic Doppler velocimetric indices among preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000550

Author(s):

Chiemelie Onwudiegwu ◽

Ademola Adekanmi ◽

Bolutife Olusanya ◽

Olatunji Lawal ◽

Babatunde Adedokun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Case Control ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ocular Changes ◽

Control Study ◽

Ibadan Nigeria

ObjectiveTo compare the ocular changes and Doppler velocimetric indices in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.Methods and analysisThis was a case-control study of 71 preeclamptic women and 72 parity-matched normotensive pregnant women conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Demographic data were obtained using questionnaires. All participants had visual acuity assessment, funduscopy, intraocular pressure measurement and orbital Doppler ultrasonography. The differences in parameters between the two groups were tested using Student’s t-test for quantitative variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.ResultsThere were no significant differences between cases and controls with respect to sociodemographic variables. The mean pulsatility index was 1.35±0.46 in cases and 2.1±0.4 in controls (p<0.001); the resistivity index was 0.7±0.18 in cases and 0.83±0.27 among the controls (p=0.01). A similar pattern was observed in the peak systolic velocity (p<0.001) and the peak ratio (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups concerning end-diastolic velocity (p=0.535). Three preeclampsia patients (5.2%) had abnormalities on funduscopy compared with none of the controls. Preeclamptic women had significantly higher intraocular pressures in both eyes at baseline and at 24 hours post delivery.ConclusionThis study demonstrated lower Doppler velocimetry and impedance parameters and higher intraocular pressure among preeclampsia cases compared with controls. Abnormal funduscopic findings were observed in a few preeclamptic women and none among the controls. Ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters could be useful in identifying those women who are likely to suffer preeclampsia and its complications.

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No Evidence for Retinal Damage Evolving from Reduced Retinal Blood Flow in Carotid Artery Disease

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/604028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Henning Heßler ◽

Hanna Zimmermann ◽

Timm Oberwahrenbrock ◽

Ella Maria Kadas ◽

Janine Mikolajczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Visual Function ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Retinal Blood Flow ◽

High Grade ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease

Introduction. Carotid artery disease (CAD) comprising high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) or carotid artery occlusion (CAO) may lead to ipsilateral impaired cerebral blood flow and reduced retinal blood supply.Objective. To examine the influence of chronic CAD on retinal blood flow, retinal morphology, and visual function.Methods. Patients with unilateral CAS ≥ 50% (ECST criteria) or CAO were grouped according to the grade of the stenosis and to the flow direction of the ophthalmic artery (OA). Retinal perfusion was measured by transorbital duplex ultrasound, assessing central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow velocities. In addition, optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameter were measured. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to study retinal morphology. Visual function was assessed using high- and low-contrast visual paradigms.Results. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. Eyes with CAS ≥ 80%/CAO and retrograde OA blood flow showed a significant reduction in CRA peak systolic velocity (no-CAD side:0.130±0.035 m/s, CAS/CAO side:0.098±0.028;p=0.005;n=12). OCT, optic nerve thicknesses, and visual functional parameters did not show a significant difference.Conclusion. Despite assessable hemodynamic effects, chronic high-grade CAD does not lead to gaugeable morphological or functional changes of the retina.

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Comparison of the Doppler Indices in the Ophthalmic Artery and Central Retinal Artery in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/87564793211014876 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875647932110148

Author(s):

Baby Nadeem ◽

Raham Bacha ◽

Syed Amir Gilani ◽

Iqra Manzoor

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Vascular Remodeling ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Retinal Artery ◽

Doppler Indices ◽

Ophthalmic Arteries

Objective: Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which damages the retina due to blood flow remodeling of occular vessels. Early stages of diabetic retinopathy may not present with patient symptoms. Doppler indices, of the ophthalmic arteries, could help in determining the effect of diabetic vascular remodeling. This research was designed to compare the Doppler indices, in the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery, in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 72 total patients. Sonography was performed on the ophthalmic arteries of 36 diabetics and 36 nondiabetics, to compare Doppler indices. All patients were voluntarily consented to this research that was approved by the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). Doppler parameters recorded were peak systolic velocity, end dystopic velocity, resistive index, and pulsatility index, which were taken in both patient groups and compared. Results: A significant difference was noted in the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistive index for diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, with a statistically significant set at .01. Conclusions: There was a significant difference between diabetic and nondiabetic ophthalmic Doppler indices in this cohort of patients. This cohort demonstrated vascular remodeling of the ophthalmic arteries, caused by diabetes; therefore, blood flow resistance was increased due to diabetes.

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Predictive value of uterine artery: peak systolic velocity on the day of trigger for clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Karishma Makhija ◽

Deepti Shrivasatava ◽

M. Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Intrauterine Insemination ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Doppler Parameter ◽

Gestational Sac ◽

Endometrial Blood Flow

Background: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role of uterine artery blood flow parameter measured by uterine artery two-dimensional (2D) power coloured doppler (PCD) ultrasound in predicting fertility outcomes in women undergoing ART treatment.Methods: It is prospective observational study. Total of 60 patients were included of receiving infertility treatment in the age group20-40 years. 20 patients were selected for timed intercourse , 20 patients were selected for intrauterine insemination , 20 patients were selected for invitro fertilization. Transvaginalsonography will be done on the day of trigger by BHCG , UA PSV were measured, and endometrial blood flow will be assessed. Predictivity of pregnancy rate will be looked after by 3 ways: BHCG values , UPT, Gestational sac on USG.Results: In TI/IUI/IVF cycles the Doppler parameter PSV of uterine artery (23.08+/-3.39 vs 20.37-/+5.43) in pregnant vs non-pregnant group did not differ significantly. The mean PSV of UA shows no significant difference women who were became pregnant during treatment and the women who were not became pregnant.Conclusions: With help of Doppler parameter imaging of women undergoing infertility it was found that UA PSV is non-significant to decide the prediction of pregnancy outcome.

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Astrocytes in health and disease

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2007.27892 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 148 (15) ◽

pp. 697-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marianna Murányi ◽

Zsombor Lacza

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Neuronal Dysfunction ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Neuronal Synapses ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Novel Targets ◽

Therapeutic Tools

It is now known that astrocytes are not merely supporting cells but they also play an important role in neuronal funcions. Astrocytes tightly ensheat neuronal synapses and regulate the excitation of neurons by uptaking neurotransmitters; reglulate the cerebral blood flow, cerebral fluid volume and extracellular concentrations of ions. They also supply fuel in the form of lactate and provide free radical scavangers such as glutathione for active neurons. These facts indicate that impaired function of astrocytes may lead to neuronal dysfunction. After brain injury (stroke, trauma or tumors) astrocytes are swollen and release active molecules such as glutamate or free radicals resulting in neuronal dysfunction. Thus, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of astrocyte function may reveal novel targets for the development of therapeutic tools in neuronal diseases.

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COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS IN THE LOCALY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER FORMS AFTER SYSTEM AND INTRALYMPHATIC POLYCHEMOTHERAPY

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2018.00693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 3-13

Author(s):

Yuriy Dumanskiy ◽

Oleksandr Bondar ◽

Oleksandr Tkachenko ◽

Evhenii Stoliachuk ◽

Vasilii Ermakov

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Control Group ◽

Preoperative Treatment ◽

Discrete Elements ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Significant Difference

In recent years, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer pathology and the most common cause of disability among women in developed countries. Finding the most effective ways of interaction between the patient and the doctor creates the preconditions for the necessary analysis of the treatment process from an objective and subjective point of view. Therefore, an important indicator to be taken into account is the quality of life of a patient. To compare the indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life of patients to the adverse locally advanced forms (LA) of breast cancer before and after systemic intravenous polychemotherapy (SPCTx) and selective endolymphatic polychemotherapy (ELPCTx) in neoadjuvant mode. The study was conducted on the basis of a random analysis of outpatient cards from 112 patients with LA BC T4A-DN0-3M0 who received a comprehensive antitumor treatment on the basis of the Donetsk regional antitumor center and the University Clinic of the Odessa National Medical University from 2000 to 2017, which was proposed a questionnaire at various stages of preoperative treatment. The first (control) group consisted of 65 patients (58 %) with inoperable forms of LA BC, which was performed in neoadjuvant mode by SPCTx. The second (study group) included 47 patients (42 %) with inoperable forms of LA BC, which was performed as a neoadjuvant course ELPCTx. According to the integral indicators of quality of life and quality of health between patients in the control and study groups, there was no statistically significant difference. In a detailed analysis of the indicators of symptomatic scales, the difference between the groups did not exceed the critical. Based on the results of a study conducted among patients receiving endolymphatic chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant mode, the subjective evaluations of treatment in absolute numbers have better reference values without statistical superiority. The study of the integrative indicator of quality of life and its discrete elements is an ergonomic and economical means of heuristic assessment of the health of patients in order to further develop more rational and convenient ways of solving urgent issues of modern oncology by increasing compliance and finding a compromise between the physician and the patient.

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