Landscape Elements

Author(s):  
Douglas Wysocki ◽  
C William Zanner
Keyword(s):  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vollet ◽  
J. Candau ◽  
L. Ginelli ◽  
Y. Michelin ◽  
L. Ménadier ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ågren ◽  
I. Buffam ◽  
D. M. Cooper ◽  
T. Tiwari ◽  
C. D. Evans ◽  
...  

Abstract. The controls on stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were investigated in a 68 km2 catchment by applying a landscape-mixing model to test if downstream concentrations could be predicted from contributing landscape elements. The landscape-mixing model reproduced the DOC concentration well throughout the stream network during times of high and intermediate discharge. The landscape-mixing model approach is conceptually simple and easy to apply, requiring relatively few field measurements and minimal parameterisation. Our interpretation is that the higher degree of hydrological connectivity during high flows, combined with shorter stream residence times, increased the predictive power of this whole watershed-based mixing model. The model was also useful for providing a baseline for residual analysis, which highlighted areas for further conceptual model development. The residual analysis indicated areas of the stream network that were not well represented by simple mixing of headwaters, as well as flow conditions during which simple mixing based on headwater watershed characteristics did not apply. Specifically, we found that during periods of baseflow the larger valley streams had much lower DOC concentrations than would be predicted by simple mixing. Longer stream residence times during baseflow and changing hydrological flow paths were suggested as potential reasons for this pattern. This study highlights how a simple landscape-mixing model can be used for predictions as well as providing a baseline for residual analysis, which suggest potential mechanisms to be further explored using more focused field and process-based modelling studies.


Author(s):  
Marceli Olma

The material basis of the paper is an unpublished collection of 47 sonnets by Wincenty Byrski, a poet from Podbeskidzie region. The author of the study discusses the language level of the poems (mainly lexis) in order to reconstruct the picture of Cracow preserved in the texts. According to the analysis, the poet used vocabulary and morphological forms which were known in the Polish language in previous centuries, as well as pompous lexis. Description of architectonic objects and other urban landscape elements was accompanied by their evaluation, which reflected historiosophy and the system of moral values, preferred


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Alexandre Vítor De Lima Fonsêca ◽  
Karen Sheron Bezerra Fonsêca ◽  
Kenneth Sebastian Bezerra Fonsêca

  O presente artigo reflete sobre a prática de ensino e o uso de uma trilha, denominada Jornada Geográfica Litorânea, como recurso didático voltado ao ensino - aprendizagem de Geografia. O objetivo geral é resgatar a importância de se andar pelas praias, igarapés, mangues, caminhos, ruas, vielas, becos e avenidas das cidades litorâneas, percebendo-se as paisagens e discutindo-se com os discentes os itinerários trilhados no seu dia a dia como, por exemplo, o percurso casa-escola-casa, casa-igarapé-casa ou ainda casa-praia-casa, entre outros percursos, com trajetos pré-determinados e cartografados anteriormente. Para tanto, utiliza-se como metodologia o estudo do meio onde se busca discutir as trilhas como recurso didático em função de sua importância para o estudo geográfico, a partir do espaço vivido, e para a compreensão da realidade do ambiente fora da sala de aula, o que aguça a curiosidade em indagar os porquês dos fatos estudados, além de estimular a articulação entre teoria e prática em um processo dialético permanente, enfatizando os elementos da paisagem como procedimentos metodológicos e explorando os dados obtidos em campo através das linguagens gráfica, fotográfica, cartográfica e textual. Com os resultados alcançados, intenciona-se, sistematizar as linguagens e utiliza-la em sala de aula durante o ano letivo, com o intuito de valorizar a identidade cultural do educando associada ao lugar, por meio da percepção dos elementos da paisagem natural e humanizada, identificadas na interface continente/oceano.Palavas-chave: Recurso didático. Trilhas. Linguagens. Ensino. Geografia.LEARNING AND TEACHING GEOGRAPHY MEASURED BY A GEOGRAPHIC DAYABSTRACT: This article reflect on the practice of teaching and the use of a track called Geographical Coastal Day, as a pedagogical resource to teaching and learning Geography. The main objective is to restore the importance of walking on the beaches, streams, wetlands, roads, streets, lanes, alleys and avenues of coastal towns, understanding the landscapes and discussing with the students the itinerary routes in their day to day as, for example, the route home from to school, and school to home: home to creek and creek to home; or house to the beach and beach to home, among other routes, with predetermined and previously mapped paths. In order to achieve this, the environment study was the methodology in which we discuss the tracks as a teaching resource in the light of their importance for the study of geographical space from the living space, and the understanding of environmental reality outside the classroom, which excites the curiosity to ask the reasons of the studied facts, besides stimulating the relationship between theory and practice in a permanent dialectical process, emphasizing the landscape elements as instruments and exploring the data obtained in the field through the graphical, photographic, cartographic and textual languages. With the achieved results, it is intended to systematize those languages and use them in the classroom during the school year, in order to enhance the cultural identity of the student associated with the place, through the perception of landscape elements, identified in the continent/ocean interface.Keywords: Teaching resource. Trails. Languages. Education. Geography.APRENDER Y ENSEÑAR GEOGRAFIA MEDIADA POR UNA JORNADA GEOGRÁFICA LITORALRESUMEN: El presente artículo refleja sobre la práctica de enseñanza y el uso de una senda, denominada Jornada Geográfica Litoral, como recurso vuelto a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Geografía. El objetivo general rescatar la importancia caminar por las palayas, arroyos y manglares, caminos, calles, callejón, calleja y avenidas de las ciudades del litoral, buscando los paisajes y discutiendo con los alumnos los itinerarios hechos diariamente como por ejemplo, el recurrido casa- escuela-casa, casa arroyo-casa o aún casa-playa-casa, entre otros recurridos, como trayectos pre determinados y cartografiados anteriormente. Por lo tanto, se utiliza como metodologia estúdio del médio donde se busca discutir las sendas como recurso didáctico en función de la importancia de estas para el estudio del espacio geográfico, a partir del espacio vivido, y para la comprensión de la realidad del ambiente fuera del espacio del aula, lo que estimula la curiosidad en investigar los porqués de los hechos estudiados, además de estimular la articulación entre teoría y práctica en un proceso dialéctico permanente, enfatizando los elementos del paisaje como procedimientos metodológicos y explotando los datos obtenidos en el campo a través de los lenguajes gráficos, fotográfico, cartográfica y textual. Com los resultados alcanzado se pretende sistematizar. Se busca, por fin, sistematizar esos lenguajes y utilizarla en el aula en las clases durante todo el año, con la intención de valorar la identidad cultural de los alumnos asociado a su lugar de origen a través de la percepción de los elementos del paisaje, natural y humanizada identificados en la interface continente/océano.Palabas-clave: Recurso didáctico. Sendas. Lenguajes. Enseñanza, Geografía. 


1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Ruuska ◽  
Juha Helenius

Changes in landscape over a period of 50 years were analysed in a rural area of 324 ha in Central Finland. The data were digitized from aerial photographs of the National Land Survey taken in 1944, 1959, 1979 and 1991, and analysed with the IDRISI™ geographic information system (GIS). The average proportion of land in agricultural use in the sample area was 17.4%. The arable area declined from the maximum of 62.3 ha (1959) to 47.6 ha. The total length of linear landscape elements, predominantly ditch bank habitats, halved, from 876 m/ha of field (1944) to 449 m/ha by the end of the period. The average rate of loss of field boundary habitat was 9.1 m/ha/ year. At the same time, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity of agricultural landscape elements dropped from 0.37 to 0.24. The number of field parcels declined by 29%, and the mean parcel size increased by 45%, from 1.2 ha to 1.7 ha. The index value of the fractal dimension measuring the complexity of parcel shapes also fell, from 1.88 (1959) to 1.86 (1991). The change in spatial structure reflects the intensification of farming in Finland. Biodiversity at ecosystem level has clearly declined. However, the implications for the agroecosystem and its sustainability are still unknown.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document