CORD SERUM THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (THS) AND THYROGLOBULIN (Tg) LEVELS DO NOT DECLINE WITH INCREASING WEIGHT IN NORMAL NEWBORNS WITH mean ± SD BIRTH WEIGHT OF 3685 ± 623 GRAMS OR GREATER

Abstract Background Adequate thyroid function during pregnancy is essential for optimal fetal growth. Gestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can negatively affect birth size and disrupt maternal and neonatal thyroid function, although the interrelationship is unclear. Objective We aimed to quantify the associations between maternal serum–PFAS concentrations and birth weight, birth length, and cranial circumference. We also aimed to estimate associations between PFAS and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, thereby elucidating whether THs potentially mediate the associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size. Methods We studied a population-based prospective cohort of 172 mother-singleton pairs from the Faroe Islands. Twelve PFAS were measured in maternal serum obtained at 34 weeks of gestation. THs were measured in maternal and cord serum. Associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size and TH concentrations were estimated using multivariable linear regressions. Sex-stratified analyses along with a mediation analysis were performed to estimate potential mediating effects of THs in the association between PFAS and birth outcomes. Results Several PFASs were negatively associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference, and a general positive association between maternal serum–PFASs and cord serum–thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; also known as thyrotropin) was found. For instance, a doubling in perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with a 53% (95% CI, 18%-99%) and 40% (95% CI, 8%-81%) increases in TSH concentrations, respectively. There was little evidence of sexually dimorphic associations. Overall, THs were not found to mediate associations between PFASs and birth size. Conclusion In this study, several PFASs were negatively associated with birth size and increased THs; however, this did not explain lower birth weight among children exposed to PFAS.

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Relationship between maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation during pregnancy and low birth weight: A longitudinal study of apparently healthy urban Japanese women at very low risk

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 181-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Emiko Nishioka ◽

Satoshi Hirayama ◽

Tsuyoshi Ueno ◽

Takehisa Matsukawa ◽

Mohsen Vigeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Low Risk ◽

Maternal Thyroid ◽

Apparently Healthy ◽

Stimulating Hormone

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Initial and delayed thyroid-stimulating hormone elevation in extremely low-birth-weight infants

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-019-1730-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shin Ae Yoon ◽

Yun Sil Chang ◽

So Yoon Ahn ◽

Se In Sung ◽

Won Soon Park

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Free T4 ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Levothyroxine Replacement ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Abstract Background To determine the incidence, etiology, and outcomes of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation in extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs). Methods Newborn thyroid screening data of 584 ELBWIs (birth weight, < 1000 g; gestational age, ≥ 23 weeks) were retrospectively analyzed to identify initial (≤ 2 postnatal weeks) and delayed (> 2 weeks) TSH elevations. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years’ corrected age (CA) were assessed according to levothyroxine replacement. Results Initial and delayed TSH elevations were detected at CAs of 27 and 30 weeks, respectively, with incidence rates of 0.9 and 7.2%, respectively. All infants with initial TSH elevations had perinatal asphyxia, and 95% of those with delayed TSH elevation were exposed to various stressors, including respiratory support, drugs, and surgery within 2 weeks before diagnosis of TSH elevation. Free thyroxine (T4) levels were simultaneously reduced in 80 and 57% of infants with initial and delayed TSH elevations, respectively. Both initial and delayed TSH elevations were transient, regardless of levothyroxine replacement. Infants receiving levothyroxine replacement therapy had significantly higher TSH elevations, significantly lower free T4 levels, and significantly reduced mortality, compared to untreated infants. However, levothyroxine replacement had no significant effect on long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Conclusions The timing of insult superimposition on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis maturation is a major determinant of initial or delayed TSH elevation in ELBWIs. Levothyroxine replacement did not affect growth or neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population.

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