scholarly journals Associations of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances With Thyroid Hormone Concentrations and Birth Size

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Xiao ◽  
Philippe Grandjean ◽  
Damaskini Valvi ◽  
Flemming Nielsen ◽  
Tina Kold Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Cord Serum

Abstract Background Adequate thyroid function during pregnancy is essential for optimal fetal growth. Gestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can negatively affect birth size and disrupt maternal and neonatal thyroid function, although the interrelationship is unclear. Objective We aimed to quantify the associations between maternal serum–PFAS concentrations and birth weight, birth length, and cranial circumference. We also aimed to estimate associations between PFAS and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, thereby elucidating whether THs potentially mediate the associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size. Methods We studied a population-based prospective cohort of 172 mother-singleton pairs from the Faroe Islands. Twelve PFAS were measured in maternal serum obtained at 34 weeks of gestation. THs were measured in maternal and cord serum. Associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size and TH concentrations were estimated using multivariable linear regressions. Sex-stratified analyses along with a mediation analysis were performed to estimate potential mediating effects of THs in the association between PFAS and birth outcomes. Results Several PFASs were negatively associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference, and a general positive association between maternal serum–PFASs and cord serum–thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; also known as thyrotropin) was found. For instance, a doubling in perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with a 53% (95% CI, 18%-99%) and 40% (95% CI, 8%-81%) increases in TSH concentrations, respectively. There was little evidence of sexually dimorphic associations. Overall, THs were not found to mediate associations between PFASs and birth size. Conclusion In this study, several PFASs were negatively associated with birth size and increased THs; however, this did not explain lower birth weight among children exposed to PFAS.

A positive association between maternal serum zinc concentration and birth weight

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y H Neggers ◽  
G R Cutter ◽  
R T Acton ◽  
J O Alvarez ◽  
J L Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration

Iodide Metabolism and Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Stimulation ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Iodine (I2) is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones T4 and T3 and functioning of the thyroid gland. Both T3 and T4 are metabolically active, but T3 is four times more potent than T4. Our body contains 20-30 mg of I2, which is mainly stored in the thyroid gland. Iodine is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is a sensitive marker of thyroid function. Serum TSH is increased in hypothyroidism as in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In addition to regulation of thyroid function, TSH promotes thyroid growth. If thyroid hormone synthesis is chronically impaired, TSH stimulation eventually may lead to the development of a goiter. This chapter explores the iodide metabolism and effects of Hashimoto's disease.

scholarly journals Maternal seafood consumption and infant birth weight, length and head circumference in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir ◽  
Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽  
Helen Engelstad Kvalem ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Infant Birth

Results from previous studies on associations between maternal fish and seafood intakes and fetal growth are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate how maternal intakes of seafood, subtypes of seafood and supplementary n-3 fatty acids were associated with infant birth weight, length and head circumference in a prospective study in Norway. The study population included 62 099 participants in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The mothers answered an FFQ in mid pregnancy. The FFQ comprised detailed questions about intake of various seafood items and n-3 supplements. Data on infant birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry. We used multivariable regression to examine how total seafood, various seafood subtypes and supplementary n-3 intakes were associated with birth size measures. Total seafood intake was positively associated with birth weight and head circumference. Lean fish was positively associated with all birth size measures; shellfish was positively associated with birth weight, while fatty fish was not associated with any birth size measures. Intake of supplementary n-3 was negatively associated with head circumference. The relative risk of giving birth to a small baby ( < 2500 g) in full-term pregnancies was significantly lower in women who consumed >60 g/d of seafood than in women who consumed ≤ 5 g/d (OR = 0·56 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·88). In conclusion, maternal seafood consumption was positively associated with birth size, driven by lean fish intake, while supplementary n-3 intake was negatively associated with infant head circumference.

scholarly journals Fetal Thyroid Hormone Level at Birth Is Associated with Fetal Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. E934-E938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley M. Shields ◽  
Beatrice A. Knight ◽  
Anita Hill ◽  
Andrew T. Hattersley ◽  
Bijay Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Fetal Thyroid

Context: Thyroid function is known to play an important role in fetal neurological development, but its role in regulating fetal growth is not well established. Overt maternal and fetal thyroid disorders are associated with reduced birth weight. We hypothesized that, even in the absence of overt thyroid dysfunction, maternal and fetal thyroid function influence fetal growth. Aim: In normal, healthy pregnancies, we aimed to assess whether fetal thyroid hormone at birth (as measured in cord blood) is associated with fetal growth. We also aimed to study whether fetal thyroid hormone at birth is associated with maternal thyroid hormone in the third trimester. Methods: In 616 healthy mother-child pairs, TSH, free T4 (FT4), and free T3 (FT3) were measured in mothers at 28 wk gestation and in umbilical cord blood at birth. Birth weight, length, head circumference, and tricep and bicep skinfold thicknesses were measured on the babies. Results: Cord FT4 was associated with birth weight (r = 0.25; P &lt; 0.001), length (r = 0.17; P &lt; 0.001), and sum of skinfolds (r = 0.19; P &lt; 0.001). There were no associations between birth measurements and either cord TSH or cord FT3. Maternal FT4 and cord FT4 were correlated (r = 0.14; P = 0.0004), and there were weaker negative associations between maternal TSH and cord FT4 (r = −0.08; P = 0.04) and FT3 (r = −0.10; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Associations between cord FT4 and birth size suggest that fetal thyroid function may be important in regulating fetal growth, both of skeletal size and fat. The correlation between third-trimester maternal FT4 and cord FT4 supports the belief that maternal T4 crosses the placenta even in late gestation.

scholarly journals Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and birth size in British boys

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Marks ◽  
Anya J. Cutler ◽  
Zuha Jeddy ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Kayoko Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Screening for New Markers to Assess Thyroid Hormone Action by OMICs Analysis of Human Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (06/07) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Friedrich ◽  
Maik Pietzner ◽  
Beatrice Engelmann ◽  
Georg Homuth ◽  
Dagmar Führer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

ABSTRACTDetermination of the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroid hormones (fTHs) is crucial for assessing thyroid function. However, as a result of inter-individual genetic variability and different environmental factors individual set points exist for TSH and fTHs and display considerable variation. Furthermore, under specific pathophysiological conditions like central hypothyroidism, TSH secreting pituitary tumors, or thyroid hormone resistance the established markers TSH and fTH fail to reliably predict thyroid function and adequate supply of TH to peripheral organs. Even in case of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism circulating fTH concentrations do not correlate with clinical symptoms. Therefore, there is a clear need for novel, more specific biomarkers to diagnose and monitor thyroid function. OMICs screening approaches allow parallel profiling of hundreds to thousands of molecules and thus comprehensive monitoring of molecular alterations in tissues and body fluids that might be associated with changes in thyroid function. These techniques thus constitute promising tools for the identification of urgently needed novel biomarkers. This mini review summarizes the findings of OMICs studies in thyroid research with a particular focus on population-based and patient studies as well as interventional approaches investigating the effects of thyroid hormone administration.

scholarly journals Association of antiepileptic drug usage, trace elements and thyroid hormone status

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Zevenbergen ◽  
Tim I M Korevaar ◽  
Andrea Schuette ◽  
Robin P Peeters ◽  
Marco Medici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Trace Element Levels

BackgroundLevels of thyroid hormone (TH) and trace elements (copper (Cu) and selenium (Se)) are important for development and function of the brain. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) can influence serum TH and trace element levels. As the relationship between AEDs, THs, and trace elements has not yet been studied directly, we explored these interactions.MethodIn total 898 participants, from the Thyroid Origin of Psychomotor Retardation study designed to investigate thyroid parameters in subjects with intellectual disability (ID), had data available on serum Se, Cu, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), reverse T3, T4, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG); 401 subjects were on AED treatment. Differences in trace elements according to medication usage was investigated using ANOVA, and associations between trace elements and thyroid parameters were analysed using (non-) linear regression models.ResultsStudy participants were not deficient in any of the trace elements analyzed. AED (carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin) usage was negatively associated with serum Se and showed compound-specific associations with Cu levels. After correction for drug usage, Se was positively associated with TSH levels, negatively associated with FT4levels, and positively with T3levels. Cu was positively associated with T4, T3, and rT3, which was largely dependent on TBG levels.ConclusionThe subjects with ID did not display profound deficiencies in trace element levels. AEDs were associated with serum Se and Cu levels, while serum Se and Cu were also associated with thyroid parameters. Further studies on the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical importance are warranted.

scholarly journals Maternal serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and offspring birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Wikström ◽  
Ping-I Lin ◽  
Christian H. Lindh ◽  
Huan Shu ◽  
Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Perfluorodecanoic Acid ◽  
Mother And Child

Abstract Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread, bioaccumulating, and persistent and show placental transfer. Emerging research indicates associations between prenatal exposure and low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between first trimester exposure to PFASs and birth weight (BW) in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study and examine whether associations differ between girls and boys. Methods Eight PFASs were analyzed in maternal serum (median: 10 weeks of pregnancy). Associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birth outcomes with BW, BW for gestational age, and birth small for gestational age (SGA) were assessed in 1533 infants, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by sex. Results Increased maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were associated with lower BW, lower BW for gestational age, and SGA birth. Associations were significant only in girls, where prenatal exposure in the upper quartile was associated with a 93–142-g lower BW when compared with that of the lowest quartile exposure. The associations were not mediated by effects on gestational age. Conclusions We found associations between prenatal exposure for five different PFASs and birth weight, with more pronounced associations in girls than in boys.

scholarly journals Combined effects of cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether on thyroid hormones in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Ćurčić ◽  
Saša Janković ◽  
Vesna Jaćević ◽  
Sanja Stanković ◽  
Slavica Vučinić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Single Substance ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The aim of this study was to see how a mixture of cadmium (Cd) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE209) affect thyroid function, namely thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (FT4), triiodothyronin (T3), and free triiodothyronin (FT3) in Wistar rats (eight per group) receiving either a single substance or their combination by gavage for 28 days. Three groups were receiving Cd alone in the doses of 2.5 mg kg-1, 7.5 mg kg-1, or 15 mg kg-1 b. w. a day, three groups were receiving BDE209 in the doses of 1000 mg kg-1, 2000 mg kg-1, or 4000 mg kg-1 b. w. a day, while nine groups were receiving different mixtures of Cd and BDE209 in these doses (3x3 design). The results have indicated that the Cd+BDE209 mixtures more potently disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis than would be expected from these chemicals alone.

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