Relation between Weak HLA-DR Expression on Human Breast Milk Macrophages and Cow Milk Allergy (CMA) in Suckling Infants

ABSTRACT Background Early infant diet influences postnatal gut microbial development, which in turn can modulate the developing immune system. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize diet-specific bioregional microbiota differences in piglets fed either human breast milk (HM) or infant formula. Methods Male piglets (White Dutch Landrace Duroc) were raised on HM or cow milk formula (MF) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and weaned to an ad libitum diet until PND 51. Piglets were euthanized on either PND 21 or PND 51, and the gastrointestinal contents were collected for 16s RNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using the Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology. Diversity measurements (Chao1 and Shannon) and the Wald test were used to determine relative abundance. Results At PND 21, the ileal luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed lower Chao1 operational taxonomic unit diversity, while Shannon diversity was lower in cecal, proximal colon (PC), and distal colon (DC) luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. In addition, at PND 51, the HM-fed piglets had lower genera diversity within the jejunum, ileum, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. At PND 21, Turicibacter was 4- to 5-fold lower in the HM-fed piglets’ ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to the MF-fed piglets. Campylobacter is 3- to 6-fold higher in HM-fed piglets duodenal, ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, in comparison to MF-fed piglets. Furthermore, the large intestine (cecum, PC, and rectum) luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed 4- to 7-fold higher genera that belong to class Bacteroidia, in comparison to MF-fed piglets at PND 21. In addition, at PND 51 distal colon lumen of HM-fed piglets showed 1.5-fold higher genera from class Bacteroidia than the MF-fed piglets. Conclusions In the large intestinal regions (cecum, PC, and rectum), MF diet alters microbiota composition, relative to HM diet, with sustained effects after weaning from the neonatal diet. These microbiota changes could impact immune system and health outcomes later in life.

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Human Breast Milk Promotes the Secretion of Potentially Beneficial Metabolites by Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071548 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tu T. Mai ◽

Dat Q. Tran ◽

Stefan Roos ◽

J. Marc Rhoads ◽

Yuying Liu

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

Culture Media ◽

Glyoxylate Cycle ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

The Glyoxylate Cycle

Human breast milk (HBM) may have beneficial effects on Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) -mediated immunomodulation. We aimed to determine the effects of HBM on proliferation of LR 17938 in vitro and its associated proteins and metabolites in culture, in order to provide mechanistic insights into the health benefits of LR 17938. LR 17938 was cultured anaerobically in MRS bacterial culture media, HBM (from 6 mothers), and 2 types of cow-milk formula. The colony-forming unit (CFU) was calculated to evaluate LR 17938 growth. Sixteen-hour-fermented supernatants were used for metabolomics, and bacterial lysates were used for proteomics analysis. We found that growth of LR 17938 was 10 times better in HBM than in formula. We detected 261/452 metabolites upregulated when LR 17938 cultured in HBM compared to in formula, mainly participating in the glyoxylate cycle (succinate), urea cycle (citrulline), methionine methylation (N-acetylcysteine), and polyamine synthesis (spermidine). The significantly up-regulated enzymes were also involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA in the glyoxylate cycle and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, HBM enhances the growth of LR 17938 compared to formula and promotes LR 17938-associated metabolites that relate to energy and antioxidant status, which may be linked to the physiological effects of L. reuteri.

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Detection of β-lactoglobulin in human breast-milk 7 days after cow milk ingestion

Paediatrics and International Child Health ◽

10.1080/20469047.2017.1289310 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 199-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ponpan Matangkasombut ◽

Savitree Padungpak ◽

Sasikanya Thaloengsok ◽

Wasu Kamchaisatian ◽

Cherapat Sasisakulporn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Milk Ingestion ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

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Lipids for infant formulas

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2018029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. D305 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bernadette Delplanque ◽

Qin Du ◽

Jean-Charles Martin ◽

Philippe Guesnet

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Absolute Amount ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formulas ◽

Human Breast ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Dairy Fat

Recommendations for infant formulas (IF) had been established on the basis of human breast milk composition, still considered as “the gold standard”. Historically, till the 20th century, cow milk-based formulas have been used to feed infants when breast feeding was not possible. Later, infant formulas based on cow’s milk proteins but only vegetable oils blends as lipid source became the usual rule in most countries. However, considering “the gold standard”, a lot of changes occurred since the sixties that considerably modified lipid composition of human breast milk which is correlated to the diet of the mothers, who increased their consumption of n-6PUFA to replace saturated fat considered as proatherogenic. This introduced an imbalance in the ratio of linoleic/alpha-linolenic acids (18:2n-6/18:3n-3), limiting the bioconversion to long-chain-n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Compared to pure vegetable blends and following the usual recommendations for IF, linoleic (LA 15% of total fatty acids), alpha-linolenic acids (ALA 1.5%) and LA/ALA ratio (10), the use of dairy fat blend was beneficial in terms of brain DHA accretion in young rats and a further increase of brain DHA was obtained by using pure dairy fat (LA 2%, ALA 0.8%, LA/ALA 2.3). Cow’s milk presents naturally some similarities (lipid quality, cholesterol, globule structure…) with human breast milk and cannot be compared to pure vegetable blends. Utilization of dairy fat in infant formula should be reconsidered, as well as the absolute amount of polyunsaturated LA and ALA: at least a reduction of LA for IF as well as for lactating women to improve breast milk quality.

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