Human Neonatal Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Demonstrate Pathogen-Specific Coordinate Expression of TLR2, TLR4/MD2, and MyD88 During Bacterial Infection In Vivo

We have developed a quantitative and sensitive flow cytometric method for the detection of human apoptotic lymphocytes that, unlike previously described assays, allows their identification in mixed populations of peripheral blood leukocytes as well as their immunophenotyping. Apoptotic lymphocytes are identified on the basis of peculiar light scatter changes, reflecting their smaller size and their modified nucleus/cytoplasm organization, and of the decreased expression of surface CD45 molecules. Based on these criteria, apoptotic lymphocytes generated by exposure to ionizing radiation can be easily distinguished from viable cells and from necrotic lymphocytes generated by treatment with antibody and complement. Using this assay, we reappraised the phenomenon of the in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lymphocytes from HIV patients, unlike those from normal HIV-negative subjects, undergo apoptosis upon simple in vitro culture. We found that the percentages of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis were significantly higher in patients with low CD4 cell counts (< 400/microL) than in patients at earlier stages (> 400 CD4 cells/microL). However, phenotypic analysis disclosed that apoptotic lymphocytes generated in these cultures were mostly CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Thus, in contrast to what has been previously suggested, the phenomenon of in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis might not be pathogenetically related to the depletion of CD4+ T cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nevertheless, it might represent an useful marker of disease progression. Our assay allows the analysis of unfractionated peripheral blood leukocytes and thus the identification of apoptotic lymphocytes circulating in vivo. Apoptotic lymphocytes could indeed be detected in the circulation of a patient with cancer shortly after high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy. By contrast, no apoptotic lymphocytes could be detected in vivo in patients with early or advanced HIV infection.

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Antitumor Activity of BIBF 1120, a Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor, and Use of VEGFR2+pTyr+ Peripheral Blood Leukocytes as a Pharmacodynamic Biomarker In Vivo

Clinical Cancer Research ◽

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2755 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1373-1381 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Kanae Kudo ◽

Tokuzo Arao ◽

Kaoru Tanaka ◽

Tomoyuki Nagai ◽

Kazuyuki Furuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antitumor Activity ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Bibf 1120

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Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Synthetic Leu-Enkephalin Dalargin on Rat Leukocytes in Cold Stress Model in Vivo

Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine ◽

10.15407/cryo31.01.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13

Author(s):

Ivan Shcheniavsky ◽

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Opioid Receptor ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Synthetic Analogue ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

The Impact

In this research, a protective effect of synthetic analogue of leu-enkephalin dalargin on peripheral blood leukocytes of cold stress-exposed homeotherms has been investigated. The impact of this peptide and in vivo cold stress on cell composition of leukoconcentrate, leukocyte viability and DNA fragmentation degree in rat leukocytes, has been studied by using confocal microscopy. A decreased relative count of lymphocytes and an increased neutrophil one were established as significantly less pronounced in the animals injected with dalargin before cooling, than in non-handled ones. The dalargin administration was also shown to enhance the viability of peripheral blood leukocytes in rats exposed to cold stress. Preliminary administration of dalargin to animals significantly reduced both the degree of DNA fragmentation and a relative count of leukocytes with fragmented DNA in peripheral blood. Simultaneous introduction of opioid receptor antagonist naloxone to animals eliminated a protective effect of opioid receptor agonist dalargin. Our findings demonstrated the opioid receptor-mediated antiapoptotic effect of dalargin on peripheral blood leukocytes under in vivo cold stress.

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In vivo endotoxin synchronizes and suppresses clock gene expression in human peripheral blood leukocytes*

Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181cd131c ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 751-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Beatrice Haimovich ◽

Jacqueline Calvano ◽

Adrian D. Haimovich ◽

Steve E. Calvano ◽

Susette M. Coyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Clock Gene ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Clock Gene Expression

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Mutagenic potential of peripheral blood leukocytes: in vivo exposure to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate followed by in vitro co-culture with AS52 cells

Cancer Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-3835(96)04290-5 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria E. Ariza ◽

Andrew S. Oberyszyn ◽

Fredika M. Robertson ◽

Marshall V. Williams

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Tumor Promoter ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Mutagenic Potential ◽

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

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EHV-1 gene63 is not essential for in vivo replication in horses and mice, nor does it affect reactivation in the horse: Short Communication

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.49.2001.4.11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 473-478

Author(s):

J. Iqbal ◽

A. S. Purewal ◽

N. Edington

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Early Gene ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Nasal Swabs

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immediate early gene (gene63) in the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) acute and latent infections in equine and murine models. EHV-1 gene63 mutant virus (g63mut) along with EHV-1 (Ab4) was used for intracerebral and intranasal infection of 3 and 17-day-old mice. Both viruses were recovered at the same frequency from tissues after infection. Two Welsh ponies were infected via the intranasal route with each of the viruses. Acute infection was monitored by virus isolation from nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes. Six weeks post infection, peripheral blood leukocytes were taken from ponies and in vitro reactivation was positive for both viruses. At autopsy, both viruses were isolated by co-cultivation from bronchial and submandibular lymph nodes. These findings indicate that the mutation of EHV-1 gene63 does not play a role in the establishment and reactivation from latency.

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Evaluation of the in vivo genotoxic effects of gamma radiation on the peripheral blood leukocytes of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.01.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 752 (1-2) ◽

pp. 42-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samit B. Kadam ◽

Soorambail K. Shyama ◽

Valentine G. Almeida

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Blood Leukocytes

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Detection and characterization of apoptotic peripheral blood lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer chemotherapy by a novel flow immunocytometric method

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v83.5.1268.1268 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 1268-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

M Carbonari ◽

M Cibati ◽

M Cherchi ◽

D Sbarigia ◽

AM Pesce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

T Cells ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract We have developed a quantitative and sensitive flow cytometric method for the detection of human apoptotic lymphocytes that, unlike previously described assays, allows their identification in mixed populations of peripheral blood leukocytes as well as their immunophenotyping. Apoptotic lymphocytes are identified on the basis of peculiar light scatter changes, reflecting their smaller size and their modified nucleus/cytoplasm organization, and of the decreased expression of surface CD45 molecules. Based on these criteria, apoptotic lymphocytes generated by exposure to ionizing radiation can be easily distinguished from viable cells and from necrotic lymphocytes generated by treatment with antibody and complement. Using this assay, we reappraised the phenomenon of the in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lymphocytes from HIV patients, unlike those from normal HIV-negative subjects, undergo apoptosis upon simple in vitro culture. We found that the percentages of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis were significantly higher in patients with low CD4 cell counts (< 400/microL) than in patients at earlier stages (> 400 CD4 cells/microL). However, phenotypic analysis disclosed that apoptotic lymphocytes generated in these cultures were mostly CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Thus, in contrast to what has been previously suggested, the phenomenon of in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis might not be pathogenetically related to the depletion of CD4+ T cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nevertheless, it might represent an useful marker of disease progression. Our assay allows the analysis of unfractionated peripheral blood leukocytes and thus the identification of apoptotic lymphocytes circulating in vivo. Apoptotic lymphocytes could indeed be detected in the circulation of a patient with cancer shortly after high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy. By contrast, no apoptotic lymphocytes could be detected in vivo in patients with early or advanced HIV infection.

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