Serum Selenoprotein P Levels in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes: Implication for Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND: The incidence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes is an increasing problem in Europe. We determined the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in a predominantly Caucasian cohort of 491 children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS: Fasting glucose and insulin levels were determined in all 491 subjects. Patients with an abnormal fasting glucose or with additional risk factors (positive family history of type 2 diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, hyperlipidemia; n=102) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75 g glucose/kg body weight). Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance in all subjects. The insulin sensitivity index was determined in those subjects who underwent an OGTT. Screening for mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene and the coding region of the brain-derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) in 37 patients with an impaired glucose tolerance was performed by WAVE analysis. RESULTS: Out of the total of 491 patients, 12 had an abnormal fasting glucose level. Of the 102 patients who underwent an OGTT, 37 had impaired glucose tolerance; 6 out of the 102 patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Eighty-eight per cent of patients with abnormal glucose tolerance and 66% of patients with type 2 diabetes were Caucasian. Insulin resistance indices correlated well with the degree of abnormal glucose tolerance. Using the screening algorithm for type 2 diabetes as advocated by the American Diabetes Association, 68% of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and 66% of patients with type 2 diabetes would have been missed. No abnormalities in the MC4R and BDNF genes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes are far more common in obese European children of Caucasian origin than previously thought. Using fasting glucose levels as the main screening tool appears to be insufficient in detecting these children.

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Steroid-induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance are both associated with a progressive decline of incretin effect in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-012-2459-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 1406-1416 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

D. H. Jensen ◽

K. Aaboe ◽

J. E. Henriksen ◽

A. Vølund ◽

J. J. Holst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Incretin Effect ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

First Degree Relatives

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Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Elevated in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes and Correlates With Muscle and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc09-0684 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1542-1546 ◽

Cited By ~ 218

Author(s):

A. O. Chavez ◽

M. Molina-Carrion ◽

M. A. Abdul-Ghani ◽

F. Folli ◽

R. A. DeFronzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽

Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Fibroblast Growth

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Persistent impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction were independent predictors of type 2 diabetes

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.11.023 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 728-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chia-Lin Li ◽

Shih-Tzer Tsai ◽

Pesus Chou

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Β Cell ◽

Cell Dysfunction

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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Subjects with Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes - The Tromsø OGTT-Study

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000079 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 317-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Moira S. Hutchinson ◽

Yngve Figenschau ◽

Bjørg Almås ◽

Inger Njølstad ◽

Rolf Jorde

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The relationships between vitamin D concentrations, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance remain uncertain. During 2008 - 2010, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 3520 subjects from Tromsø, Norway. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in 1193 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, in 304 with isolated impaired fasting glucose, in 254 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance, in 139 with a combination of the two, and in 194 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Serum 25(OH)D did not differ between subjects with isolated impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, but was lower in all groups of deranged glucose metabolism as compared with normal subjects. These differences could not be explained by differences in intakes of vitamin D from cod liver oil or other supplements and remained statistically significant after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, physical activity score, and month of examination. When the cohort was divided according to serum 25(OH)D quartiles, there was an improvement in all measures of glucose metabolism (fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c) and estimates of insulin resistance (QUICKI , HOMA-IR, ISI0.120) with increasing serum 25(OH)D quartile. However, interventional studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between vitamin D and glucose metabolism.

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