Thyroxine transport to the brain: role of protein synthesis by the choroid plexus.

Endocrinology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 2116-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Southwell ◽  
W Duan ◽  
D Alcorn ◽  
C Brack ◽  
S J Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Role of the Entorhinal Cortex in Extinction: Influences of Aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia R. M. Bevilaqua ◽  
Janine I. Rossato ◽  
Juliana S. Bonini ◽  
Jociane C. Myskiw ◽  
Julia R. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Glutamate Nmda Receptors ◽  
The Brain

The entorhinal cortex is perhaps the area of the brain in which neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques are first detectable in old age with or without mild cognitive impairment, and very particularly in Alzheimer's disease. It plays a key role in memory formation, retrieval, and extinction, as part of circuits that include the hippocampus, the amygdaloid nucleus, and several regions of the neocortex, in particular of the prefrontal cortex. Lesions or biochemical impairments of the entorhinal cortex hinder extinction. Microinfusion experiments have shown that glutamate NMDA receptors, calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein synthesis in the entorhinal cortex are involved in and required for extinction. Aging also hinders extinction; it is possible that its effect may be in part mediated by the entorhinal cortex.

scholarly journals The effects of 6 hours of hypoxia on protein synthesis in rat tissues in vivo and in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Preedy ◽  
D M Smith ◽  
P H Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
The Brain ◽  
H Protein

Rates of protein synthesis were measured in vivo in several tissues (heart, skeletal muscles, liver, tibia, skin, brain, kidney, lung) of fed rats exposed to O2/N2 (1:9) for 6 h starting at 08:00-11:00 h. Protein synthesis rates were depressed by 15-35% compared with normoxic controls in all of the tissues studied. The decreases were greatest in the brain and the skin. Although hypoxia inhibited gastric emptying, its effects on protein synthesis could probably not be attributed to its induction of a starved state, because protein-synthesis rates in brain and skin were not decreased by a 15-18 h period of starvation initiated at 23:00 h. Furthermore, we showed that protein synthesis was inhibited by hypoxia in the rat heart perfused in vitro, suggesting a direct effect. The role of hypoxia in perturbing tissue nitrogen balance in various physiological and pathological states is discussed.

scholarly journals Choroid Plexus: The Orchestrator of Long-Range Signalling Within the CNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kaiser ◽  
Vitezslav Bryja
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Cns Activity ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Extracellular Signalling ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the liquid that fills the brain ventricles. CSF represents not only a mechanical brain protection but also a rich source of signalling factors modulating diverse processes during brain development and adulthood. The choroid plexus (CP) is a major source of CSF and as such it has recently emerged as an important mediator of extracellular signalling within the brain. Growing interest in the CP revealed its capacity to release a broad variety of bioactive molecules that, via CSF, regulate processes across the whole central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, CP has been also recognized as a sensor, responding to altered composition of CSF associated with changes in the patterns of CNS activity. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the CP as a signalling centre that mediates long-range communication in the CNS. By providing a detailed account of the CP secretory repertoire, we describe how the CP contributes to the regulation of the extracellular environment—in the context of both the embryonal as well as the adult CNS. We highlight the role of the CP as an important regulator of CNS function that acts via CSF-mediated signalling. Further studies of CP–CSF signalling hold the potential to provide key insights into the biology of the CNS, with implications for better understanding and treatment of neuropathological conditions.

Role of transthyretin in the transport of thyroxine from the blood to the choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain.

Endocrinology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Chanoine ◽  
S Alex ◽  
S L Fang ◽  
S Stone ◽  
J L Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Mrp4 Confers Resistance to Topotecan and Protects the Brain from Chemotherapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 7612-7621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markos Leggas ◽  
Masashi Adachi ◽  
George L. Scheffer ◽  
Daxi Sun ◽  
Peter Wielinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Brain Capillary ◽  
Dual Localization ◽  
Capillary Endothelial Cells ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The role of the multidrug resistance protein MRP4/ABCC4 in vivo remains undefined. To explore this role, we generated Mrp4-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, these mice showed enhanced accumulation of the anticancer agent topotecan in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further studies demonstrated that topotecan was an Mrp4 substrate and that cells overexpressing Mrp4 were resistant to its cytotoxic effects. We then used new antibodies to discover that Mrp4 is unique among the anionic ATP-dependent transporters in its dual localization at the basolateral membrane of the choroid plexus epithelium and in the apical membrane of the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries. Microdialysis sampling of ventricular CSF demonstrated that localization of Mrp4 at the choroid epithelium is integral to its function in limiting drug penetration into the CSF. The topotecan resistance of cells overexpressing Mrp4 and the polarized expression of Mrp4 in the choroid plexus and brain capillary endothelial cells indicate that Mrp4 has a dual role in protecting the brain from cytotoxins and suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of central nervous system-directed drugs that are Mrp4 substrates may be improved by developing Mrp4 inhibitors.

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document