The Role of DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis in Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

1974 ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Salaman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1688) ◽  
pp. 20150114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Forger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Brain

Circumstantial evidence alone argues that the establishment and maintenance of sex differences in the brain depend on epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure. More direct evidence has recently been obtained from two types of studies: those manipulating a particular epigenetic mechanism, and those examining the genome-wide distribution of specific epigenetic marks. The manipulation of histone acetylation or DNA methylation disrupts the development of several neural sex differences in rodents. Taken together, however, the evidence suggests there is unlikely to be a simple formula for masculine or feminine development of the brain and behaviour; instead, underlying epigenetic mechanisms may vary by brain region or even by dependent variable within a region. Whole-genome studies related to sex differences in the brain have only very recently been reported, but suggest that males and females may use different combinations of epigenetic modifications to control gene expression, even in cases where gene expression does not differ between the sexes. Finally, recent findings are discussed that are likely to direct future studies on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour.

Role of RNA and Protein Synthesis and Turnover in the Heat-Induced Increase in Nuclear Protein

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Higashikubo ◽  
Nazan Uygur ◽  
Joseph L. Roti Roti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis

scholarly journals The Role of the Entorhinal Cortex in Extinction: Influences of Aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia R. M. Bevilaqua ◽  
Janine I. Rossato ◽  
Juliana S. Bonini ◽  
Jociane C. Myskiw ◽  
Julia R. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Glutamate Nmda Receptors ◽  
The Brain

The entorhinal cortex is perhaps the area of the brain in which neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques are first detectable in old age with or without mild cognitive impairment, and very particularly in Alzheimer's disease. It plays a key role in memory formation, retrieval, and extinction, as part of circuits that include the hippocampus, the amygdaloid nucleus, and several regions of the neocortex, in particular of the prefrontal cortex. Lesions or biochemical impairments of the entorhinal cortex hinder extinction. Microinfusion experiments have shown that glutamate NMDA receptors, calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein synthesis in the entorhinal cortex are involved in and required for extinction. Aging also hinders extinction; it is possible that its effect may be in part mediated by the entorhinal cortex.

The under-appreciated role of the androgen receptor (AR) in sexual differentiation of the brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S11
Author(s):  
S. Marc Breedlove ◽  
Damian G. Zuloaga ◽  
Cynthia L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Potential Role of Maternal Progesterone in the Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

Endocrinology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 3658-3661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine K. Wagner ◽  
Ann Y. Nakayama ◽  
Geert J. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The effects of 6 hours of hypoxia on protein synthesis in rat tissues in vivo and in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Preedy ◽  
D M Smith ◽  
P H Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
The Brain ◽  
H Protein

Rates of protein synthesis were measured in vivo in several tissues (heart, skeletal muscles, liver, tibia, skin, brain, kidney, lung) of fed rats exposed to O2/N2 (1:9) for 6 h starting at 08:00-11:00 h. Protein synthesis rates were depressed by 15-35% compared with normoxic controls in all of the tissues studied. The decreases were greatest in the brain and the skin. Although hypoxia inhibited gastric emptying, its effects on protein synthesis could probably not be attributed to its induction of a starved state, because protein-synthesis rates in brain and skin were not decreased by a 15-18 h period of starvation initiated at 23:00 h. Furthermore, we showed that protein synthesis was inhibited by hypoxia in the rat heart perfused in vitro, suggesting a direct effect. The role of hypoxia in perturbing tissue nitrogen balance in various physiological and pathological states is discussed.

scholarly journals Kisspeptins in physiology and pathology of sex development - new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Irina Leorovna Nikitina ◽  
Alekber Azizovich Bayramov ◽  
Yuliya Nikolaevna Khoduleva ◽  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
The Brain

The article is dedicated to mechanisms of the human reproductive system development mechanisms. The evolution of the opinions on that processes was analysed. The review of modern knowledge of molecular and genetic causes of sex development, new mechanisms of gonadal axis regulation and role of kisspeptins in pubertat start and sexual differentiation of the brain are presented. The new actual directions of scientific research as well as the applications of kisspeptin drugs for new therapeutic approaches, treatment of hormone-dependent diseases and abnormalities of sex developmentare are observed.

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