Anti-Müllerian hormone in female reproduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie di Clemente ◽  
Chrystèle Racine ◽  
Alice Pierre ◽  
Joëlle Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Reliable Marker

Abstract Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the eighties. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, gonadotropins and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

scholarly journals Bone morphogenetic proteins and the polycystic ovary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Leonie AF van Houten ◽  
Joop SE Laven ◽  
Yvonne V Louwers ◽  
Anke McLuskey ◽  
Axel PN Themmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

scholarly journals Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin: Our Understanding in the Past, Present and Future

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie B Mayer ◽  
William S Evans ◽  
John E Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Emerging roles of APLN and APELA in the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10245
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Zifan Song ◽  
Xin Shen ◽  
Siying Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Common Receptor ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Intracellular Cascades

APLN, APELA and their common receptor APLNR (composing the apelinergic axis) have been described in various species with extensive body distribution and multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have witnessed emerging intracellular cascades triggered by APLN and APELA which play crucial roles in female reproductive organs, including hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovary, oviduct, uterus and placenta. However, a comprehensive summary of APLN and APELA roles in physiology and pathology of female reproductive system has not been reported to date. In this review, we aim to concentrate on the general characteristics of APLN and APELA, as well as their specific physiological roles in female reproductive system. Meanwhile, the pathological contexts of apelinergic axis dysregulation in the obstetrics and gynecology are also summarized here, suggesting its potential prospect as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic intervention in the polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals NAFLD: comorbidity and associated diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Livzan ◽  
O. V. Gaus ◽  
N. A. Nikolaev ◽  
T. S. Krolevetz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) went beyond the competence of a gastroenterologist and acquired the character of a multidisciplinary problem. NAFLD requires the attention of many professionals. A characteristic feature of NAFLD is the variety of concomitant diseases and pathological conditions with common pathophysiological mechanisms. This review summarizes and presents the data available in the modern literature on the association of NAFLD with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, colorectal cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoporosis, psoriasis.

scholarly journals AMH as the primary marker for fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. D45-D51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Dewailly ◽  
Joop Laven
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Gonadotropin Dosage

In women, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by the granulosa cells of growing follicles. Its measurement is strongly correlated with antral follicle count and represents a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. It also has the advantage of being highly reproducible since it has little variation within and between cycles. However, although it seems to be a good quantitative reflection of the ovarian reserve, it does not assess oocyte or embryo quality. This drawback precludes any good prediction of female fertility in the general population as well as in specific subgroups of patients. However, the AMH assay can become an indirect marker of the remaining female fertile years in some cases such as in those women who are at risk for premature ovarian failure or in those suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome. Its interest is no more to be proven in assisted reproductive technology where it is a valuable aid to the choice of the proposed techniques, ovarian stimulation protocols and gonadotropin dosage. AMH is finally very informative in monitoring cancer patients having received gonadotoxic drugs or having undergone mutilating ovarian surgeries. In conclusion, although it cannot be considered as a reliable predictor of pregnancy in women, AMH is now a useful tool in the management and treatment of female infertility.

scholarly journals Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Xue-Ling Xu ◽  
Shou-Long Deng ◽  
Zheng-Xing Lian ◽  
Kun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Signaling

Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood. This article focuses on the recent progress in PCOS caused by the abnormal expression of estrogen and ERs in the ovaries and uterus, and the clinical application of related targeted small-molecule drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document