scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin Sensitivity, and Secretion from Birth to Age Three Years in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4645-4649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Iñiguez ◽  
Ken Ong ◽  
Rodrigo Bazaes ◽  
Alejandra Avila ◽  
Teresa Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) develops as early as age 1 to 3 yr in small for gestational age (SGA) infants who show rapid catch-up postnatal weight gain. In contrast, greater insulin secretion is related to infancy height gains. We hypothesized that IGF-I levels could be differentially related to gains in length and weight and also differentially related to IR and insulin secretion. Methods: In a prospective study of 50 SGA (birth weight < 5th percentile) and 14 normal birth weight [appropriate for gestational age (AGA)] newborns, we measured serum IGF-I levels at birth, 1 yr, and 3 yr. IR (by homeostasis model assessment) and insulin secretion (by short iv glucose tolerance test) were also measured at 1 yr and 3 yr. Results: SGA infants had similar mean length and weight at 3 yr compared with AGA infants. SGA infants had lower IGF-I levels at birth (P < 0.0001), but conversely they had higher IGF-I levels at 3 yr (P = 0.003) than AGA infants. Within the SGA group, at 1 yr IGF-I was associated with length gain from birth and insulin secretion (P < 0.0001); in contrast at 3 yr IGF-I was positively related to weight, body mass index, and IR. Conclusions: IGF-I levels increased rapidly from birth in SGA, but not AGA children. During the key first-year growth period, IGF-I levels were related to β-cell function and longitudinal growth. In contrast, by 3 yr, when catch-up growth was completed, IGF-I levels were related to body mass index and IR, and these higher IGF-I levels in SGA infants might indicate the presence of relative IGF-I resistance.

scholarly journals Impact of Obesity on Perinatal Outcomes among Asthmatic Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meggie Thuot ◽  
Marc-André Coursol ◽  
Sonia Nguyen ◽  
Vanessa Lacasse-Guay ◽  
Marie-France Beauchesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Obese Women

BACKGROUND: Only one study has investigated the combined effect of maternal asthma and obesity on perinatal outcomes; however, it did not consider small-for-gestational age and large-for-gestational age infants.OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of obesity on perinatal outcomes among asthmatic women.METHODS: A cohort of 1386 pregnancies from asthmatic women was reconstructed using three of Quebec’s administrative databases and a questionnaire. Women were categorized using their prepregnancy body mass index. Underweight, overweight and obese women were compared with normal weight women. The primary outcome was the birth of a small-for-gestational-age infant, defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age and sex. Secondary outcomes were large-for-gestational-age infants (birth weight >90th percentile for gestational age) and preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation). Logistic regression models were used to obtain the ORs of having small-for-gestational-age infants, large-for-gestational-age infants and preterm birth as a function of body mass index.RESULTS: The proportions of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese women were 10.8%, 53.3%, 19.7% and 16.2%, respectively. Obese asthmatic women were not found to be significantly more at risk for giving birth to small-for-gestational-age infants (OR 0.6 [95% CI 0.4 to 1.1]), large-for-gestational-age infants (OR 1.2 [95% CI 0.7 to 2.2]) or having a preterm delivery (OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.4 to 1.3]) than normal-weight asthmatic women.CONCLUSIONS: No significant negative interaction between maternal asthma and obesity on adverse perinatal outcomes was observed.

scholarly journals Associations between maternal anthropometric characteristics and infant birth weight in Iranian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211664669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sormeh Nourbakhsh ◽  
Sepideh Ashrafzadeh ◽  
Ali Hafizi ◽  
Ali Naseh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Objective: To examine the (1) normal ranges of anthropometric and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) for Iranian pregnant women and their newborns and (2) associations between maternal anthropometric and metabolic values and infants’ birth weights among Iranian women. Methods: Anthropometric and metabolic values of 163 singleton non-diabetic pregnant women in Tehran, Iran (2014) were collected before and during pregnancy and at delivery. Linear regression, multivariable regression, and Student t tests were used to evaluate correlations between birth weight and maternal variables. Results: Linear regression modeling suggested that maternal serum glucose ( p = 0.2777) and age ( p = 0.6752) were not associated with birth weight. Meanwhile, maternal weight and body mass index before pregnancy ( p = 0.0006 and 0.0204, respectively), weight at delivery ( p = 0.0036), maternal height ( p = 0.0118), and gestational age ( p  = 0.0016) were positively associated with birth weight, while serum insulin ( p = 0.0300) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ( p = 0.0334) were negatively associated with infant’s birth weight. Using multivariate modeling, we identified severalconfounders: parity (multipara mothers delivered heavier babies compared to first-time mothers) explained as much as 24% of variation in birth weight ( p = 0.005), maternal height explained 20.7% ( p = 0.014), gestational age accounted for 19.7% ( p = 0.027), and maternal body mass index explained 19.1% ( p = 0.023) of the variation in the infant’s birth weight. Maternal serum insulin and infant’s sex were not observed to be associated with birth weight ( p = 0.342 and 0.669, respectively) in the overall model. Conclusion: Overweight/obese women may experience higher incidence of delivering larger babies. Multivariable regression analyses showed that maternal body mass index and height, parity, and gestational age are associated with newborn’s birth weight.

Body Mass Index Change Between Pregnancies and Small for Gestational Age Births

2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Cheng ◽  
Kerry Bommarito ◽  
Akihiko Noguchi ◽  
William Holcomb ◽  
Terry Leet
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Body Mass Index Change ◽  
Index Change

scholarly journals Premature small for gestational age infants fed an exclusive human milk-based diet achieve catch-up growth without metabolic consequences at 2 years of age

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. F242-F247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonnikant Visuthranukul ◽  
Steven A Abrams ◽  
Keli M Hawthorne ◽  
Joseph L Hagan ◽  
Amy B Hair
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Catch Up

ObjectiveTo compare postdischarge growth, adiposity and metabolic outcomes of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) versus small for gestational age (SGA) premature infants fed an exclusive human milk (HM)-based diet in the neonatal intensive care unit.DesignPremature infants (birth weight ≤1250 g) fed an exclusive HM-based diet were examined at 12–15 months corrected gestational age (CGA) (visit 1) for anthropometrics, serum glucose and non-fasting insulin, and at 18–22 months CGA (visit 2) for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsOf 51 children, 33 were AGA and 18 were SGA at birth. The SGA group had weight gain (g/day) equal to AGA group during the follow-up period. SGA had a significantly greater body mass index (BMI) z-score gain from visit 1 to visit 2 (0.25±1.10 vs −0.21±0.84, p=0.02) reflecting catch-up growth. There were no significant differences in total fat mass (FM) and trunk FM between groups. SGA had significantly lower insulin level (5.0±3.7 vs 17.3±15.1 µU/mL, p=0.02) and homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (1.1±0.9 vs 4.3±4.1, p=0.02). Although regional trunk FM correlated with insulin levels in SGA (r=0.893, p=0.04), they had lower insulin level compared with AGA and no difference in adiposity.ConclusionsSGA premature infants who received an exclusive HM-based diet exhibited greater catch-up growth without increased adiposity or elevated insulin resistance compared with AGA at 2 years of age. An exclusive HM-based diet may improve long-term body composition and metabolic outcomes of premature infants with ≤1250 g birth weight, specifically SGA.

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