scholarly journals Exercise Alone Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Children Independently of Changes in Body Composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4230-4235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana M. Bell ◽  
Katie Watts ◽  
Aris Siafarikas ◽  
Alisha Thompson ◽  
Nirubasini Ratnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exercise Training Program

Abstract Context: The number of obese children with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is increasing, but the best management strategy is not clear. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a structured 8-wk exercise training program on insulin resistance and changes in body composition in obese children. Design: The study was 8 wk of structured supervised exercise intervention with outcome measures before and after the exercise period. Subjects: Fourteen obese children (12.70 ± 2.32 yr; eight male, six female) with high fasting insulin levels were enrolled into the study. Intervention: Intervention consisted of 8 wk of supervised circuit-based exercise training, composed of three fully supervised 1-h sessions per week. Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were assessed pretraining program and posttraining program and included insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies), fasting insulin and glucose levels, body composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, lipid profile, and liver function tests. Results: Insulin sensitivity improved significantly after 8 wk of training (Mlbm 8.20 ± 3.44 to 10.03 ± 4.33 mg/kg·min, P < 0.05). Submaximal exercise heart rate responses were significantly lower following the training (P < 0.05), indicating an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans revealed no differences in lean body mass or abdominal fat mass. Conclusion: An 8-wk exercise training program increases insulin sensitivity in obese children, and this improvement occurred in the presence of increased cardiorespiratory fitness but is independent of measurable changes in body composition.

scholarly journals Syndromic Obesity and Diabetes: Changes in Body Composition with Age and Mutation Analysis of ALMS1 in 12 United Kingdom Kindreds with Alström Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 3110-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. L. Minton ◽  
K. R. Owen ◽  
C. J. Ricketts ◽  
N. Crabtree ◽  
G. Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Genotype Phenotype Correlation

Abstract Context: Alström syndrome (AS) is a monogenic form of infancy-onset obesity and insulin resistance, caused by ALMS1 mutations. The natural history of the insulin resistance is unknown, in particular how this relates to changes in body composition. It is also unclear how ALMS1 mutations relate to the characteristic phenotype. Objectives: Our objectives were to characterize body composition and metabolic parameters, to establish ALMS1 mutation spectrum of United Kingdom AS patients, and to determine whether a genotype-phenotype correlation exists. Design and Patients: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of 12 unrelated subjects with AS. Age-standardized body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and insulin sensitivity by homeostasis model assessment. The exons and intron-exon boundaries of ALMS1 were directly sequenced. Setting: The study was performed during the annual Alström Syndrome UK multidisciplinary screening clinic. Results: AS patients have early-onset obesity, but body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.37, P = 0.2; r = −0.84, P = 0.002; and r = −0.6, P = 0.05). Despite this, insulin resistance increased, demonstrated by raised fasting insulin and fall in homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity with age (r = −0.64, P = 0.02). ALMS1 mutations were identified in 10 of 12 patients, with a potential founder mutation in exon 16 present in five [np 10775del (C); Del3592fs/ter3597]. No genotype-phenotype correlation was observed. Conclusions: We identified mutations in ALMS1 in more than 80% of patients with no genotype-phenotype correlation. In AS, severe childhood obesity, waist circumference, and body fat decrease with age, whereas insulin resistance increases. The abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension suggest that AS could represent a monogenic model for the metabolic syndrome.

Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry half-body scans in obese children

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. e260-e266 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Breithaupt ◽  
RC Colley ◽  
KB Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
X Ray

Comparison of body composition methods in overweight and obese children

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2039-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gately ◽  
D. Radley ◽  
C. B. Cooke ◽  
S. Carroll ◽  
B. Oldroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

The objective of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of percent body fat (%fat) estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), and total body water (TBW) against a criterion four-compartment (4C) model in overweight and obese children. A volunteer sample of 30 children (18 male and 12 female), age of (mean ± SD) 14.10 ± 1.83 yr, body mass index of 31.6 ± 5.5 kg/m, and %fat (4C model) of 41.2 ± 8.2%, was assessed. Body density measurements were converted to %fat estimates by using the general equation of Siri (ADPSiri) (Siri WE. Techniques for Measuring Body Composition. 1961) and the age- and gender-specific constants of Lohman (ADPLoh) (Lohman TG. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 1986). TBW measurements were converted to %fat estimates by assuming that water accounts for 73% of fat-free mass (TBW73) and by utilizing the age- and gender-specific water contents of Lohman (TBWLoh). All estimates of %fat were highly correlated with those of the 4C model ( r ≥ 0.95, P < 0.001; SE ≤ 2.14). For %fat, the total error and mean difference ± 95% limits of agreement compared with the 4C model were 2.50, 1.8 ± 3.5 (ADPSiri); 1.82, -0.04 ± 3.6 (ADPLoh); 2.86, -2.0 ± 4.1 (TBW73); 1.90, -0.3 ± 3.8 (TBWLoh); and 2.74, 1.9 ± 4.0 DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), respectively. In conclusion, in overweight and obese children, ADPLoh and TBWLoh were the most accurate methods of measuring %fat compared with a 4C model. However, all methods under consideration produced similar limits of agreement.

scholarly journals The effects of an exercise training program on body composition and aerobic capacity parameters in Tunisian obese children

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Kamoun ◽  
Sameh Ghroubi ◽  
Haithem Rebai ◽  
Habib Elleuch ◽  
MounaMnif Feki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Exercise Training Program

scholarly journals Concordance between Body Composition Indices Measured with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Obese Children in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mawanane Hewa Aruna Devapriya de Silva ◽  
Ruwani Punyakanthi Hewawasam ◽  
Sarath Lekamwasam
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
X Ray

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the reference standard in the measurement of body composition indices. But, its utility is limited due to the high cost, expertise required, lack of portability, and restricted availability. Therefore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained recognition in resource-limited settings for the measurement of body composition indices in the screening of children for childhood obesity. To determine whether BIA represents a viable alternative to DXA in the assessment of body composition in obese children in the community setting in Sri Lanka, the concordance between BIA and DXA was determined. Fat mass (FM), percentage fat mass (%FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured in 97 obese children using DXA and BIA, and the concordance between the methods was analyzed using independent sample t -test, regression analysis, and Bland-Altman plots. Significant mean differences were observed between DXA and BIA in measuring FM and FFM. However, high correlations were seen in DXA- and BMI-derived FM and FFM measurements (FM r = 0.92 and FFM 0.83, P < 0.001 for both). Compared to DXA, BIA overestimated FM and %FM and underestimated FFM. When compared with DXA-derived measurements, the accuracy errors (SEE) of BIA for FM, FFM, and %FM were relatively higher in boys (3.56 kg, 4.49 kg, and 5.46%, respectively) than in girls (2.44 kg, 3.72 kg, and 3.5%), respectively. BA plots showed a systematic error in the measurements of FM, FFM, and %FM in both sexes. Despite the limitations inherited, BIA is a viable alternative to DXA for the measurement of body composition in obese children of 5-15 yrs. The accuracy errors observed, however, need to be taken into consideration when interpreting results at the individual level.

Neonatal anthropometrics and body composition in obese children investigated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen ◽  
Tenna Ruest Haarmark Nielsen ◽  
Ida Näslund Thagaard ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Jens-Christian Holm
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals AB0267 BODY COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1432.2-1432
Author(s):  
N. Toroptsova ◽  
O. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N. Demin ◽  
L. Shornikova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Osteosarcopenic Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory disease that modifies body composition. Using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in RA patients could be a method for body composition changes detection.Objectives:To study the body composition using DXA in patients with RA.Methods:The study involved 79 women with RA, median age 60 [55; 65] years. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry using «Discovery A» (Hologic, USA). Assessment of body composition was carried out, using the program «Whole body». Sarcopenia (SP) was diagnosed as a decrease in appendicular mass index (AMI) <6.0 kg/m2. Osteoporosis (OP) was diagnosed as a decrease in T-score <-2.5 SD. Osteosarcopenia was determined when T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2, osteosarcopenic obesity - T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2and total fat was >35%.Results:The mean duration of RA was 9 [3; 11] years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.6±4.8 kg/m2. Disease activity score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 4.5±1.3 points for the group. 39 (49.3%) patients used oral glucocorticoids continuously. Appendicular muscle mass and AMI were on average 17.8±3.0 kg and 6.8±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. AMI <6 kg/m2was detected in 20 (25.3%) patients. 56 (70.9%) women with RA had total fat > 35%, while only 22 (27.8%) of women with RA had obesity according to BMI (BMI >30 kg/m2). Isolated OP was found in 13 (16.5%), osteosarcopenia in 7 (8.9%) and osteosarcopenic obesity in 13 (16.5%) patients RA. No cases with isolated sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity were detected. Only 3 (3.8%) patients did not have appendicular muscle mass, AMI and BMD decrease and overfat or obesity.Conclusion:About 97% women with RA had abnormal body composition phenotype: 16,5% - OP, 8.9% -osteosarcopenia, 16,5% - osteosarcopenic obesity and 54,4% - overfat.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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