scholarly journals Diabetes and Femoral Neck Strength: Findings from The Hip Strength Across the Menopausal Transition Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ishii ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
Carolyn J. Crandall ◽  
Preethi Srikanthan ◽  
Gail A. Greendale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck Strength ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Neck Strength

Context: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased hip fracture risk, despite being associated with higher bone mineral density in the femoral neck. Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that composite indices of femoral neck strength, which integrate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry derived femoral neck size, femoral neck areal bone mineral density, and body size and are inversely associated with hip fracture risk, would be lower in diabetics than in nondiabetics and be inversely related to insulin resistance, the primary pathology in type 2 diabetes. Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis. Setting and Participants: The study consisted of a multisite, multiethnic, community-dwelling sample of 1887 women in pre- or early perimenopause. Outcome Measurements: Composite indices for femoral neck strength in different failure modes (axial compression, bending, and impact) were measured. Results: Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, menopausal stage, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and study site, diabetic women had higher femoral neck areal bone mineral density [+0.25 sd, 95% confidence interval (CI) (+0.06, +0.44) sd] but lower composite strength indices [−0.20 sd, 95% CI (−0.38, −0.03) sd for compression, −0.19 sd, 95% CI (−0.38, −0.003) sd for bending, −0.19 sd, 95% CI (−0.37, −0.02) sd for impact] than nondiabetic women. There were graded inverse relationships between homeostasis model-assessed insulin resistance and all three strength indices, adjusted for the same covariates. Conclusions: Despite having higher bone density, diabetic women have lower indices of femoral neck strength relative to load, consistent with their documented higher fracture risk. Insulin resistance appears to play an important role in bone strength reduction in diabetes.

scholarly journals Assessment of femoral neck strength and bone mineral density changes following exercise using 3D-DXA images

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 110315
Author(s):  
Dermot O'Rourke ◽  
Belinda R. Beck ◽  
Amy T. Harding ◽  
Steven L. Watson ◽  
Peter Pivonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck Strength ◽  
Neck Strength

Fracture risk among men, in relation to osteopenia and osteoporosis defined by areal bone mineral density

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Pasco ◽  
Stephen Lane ◽  
Sharon Brennan ◽  
Elizabeth Timney ◽  
Gosia Bucki-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Bone Mass in Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Kindler ◽  
Andrea J Lobene ◽  
Kara A Vogel ◽  
Berdine R Martin ◽  
Linda D McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context Insulin resistance is an adverse health outcome that accompanies obesity. Fat mass is negatively associated with the bone mass after adjustment for confounders. Insulin resistance might be an intermediary in this relationship. Objective To determine whether insulin resistance is an intermediary in the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in adolescents. Design Cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a previous randomized trial. Setting University research facility. Participants A total of 240 adolescents (68% female), aged 7 to 15 years. Main Outcome Measures Using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass were measured. Skeletal sites of interest included the total body and lumbar spine (LS). Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape measure. Insulin and glucose were measured in fasting sera, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Path analysis was performed to determine whether the relationship between adiposity and bone was mediated through insulin resistance. Results Fat mass (r = 0.467; P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.487; P < 0.001) correlated positively with HOMA-IR. Controlling for race, sex, maturation, lean mass, and height, fat mass, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR were negatively associated with LS BMC and total body areal bone mineral density (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, path models for fat mass (95% CI, −5.893 to −0.956) and waist circumference (95% CI, −15.473 to −2.124) showed a negative relationship with LS BMC via HOMA-IR. Conclusions These results support an intermediary role of insulin resistance in the relationship between adiposity and LS bone mass.

scholarly journals Fracture risk and areal bone mineral density in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T. Faje ◽  
Pouneh K. Fazeli ◽  
Karen K. Miller ◽  
Debra K. Katzman ◽  
Seda Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals The influence of snuff and smoking on bone accretion in late adolescence. The Tromsø study, Fit Futures

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Andreas Nilsen ◽  
Nina Emaus ◽  
Tore Christoffersen ◽  
Anne Winther ◽  
Elin Evensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Future Fracture

Abstract Summary Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) predicts future fracture risk. This study explores associations between use of tobacco and bone accretion in Norwegian adolescents. Our results indicate that use of snuff is negatively associated with accretion of aBMD in adolescence and may be a signal of increased future fracture risk. Purpose Bone mineral accrual in childhood and adolescence is a long-term primary preventive strategy of osteoporosis. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is a surrogate measure of bone strength and a predictor of fracture risk. The aim of this population-based 2-year follow-up cohort study was to explore associations between use of snuff and smoking and changes (∆) in aBMD in Norwegian girls and boys aged 15–17 years at baseline. Methods The first wave of the Tromsø study, Fit Futures was conducted from 2010 to 2011. Femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), and total body (TB) bone mineral content (BMC) and aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on use of snuff, smoking habits, and other lifestyle related variables were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Two years later, during 2012–2013, the measurements were repeated in the second wave. The present study included 349 girls and 281 boys and compared “non-users” (n = 243 girls, 184 boys) with “users” (n = 105 girls, 96 boys) of snuff and “non-smokers” (n = 327 girls, 249 boys) with “smokers” (n = 21 girls, 31 boys) using linear regression adjusted for age, baseline height and weight, change in height and weight, pubertal maturation, physical activity, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, diagnosis known to affect bone, and medication known to affect bone. The influence of “double use” on bone accretion was also explored. Results In girls, no associations between use of snuff and ∆aBMD were found. In boys, use of snuff was associated with reduced bone accretion in all ∆aBMD models. Sensitivity analysis with exclusion of “sometimes” users of snuff strengthened associations at femoral sites in girls and attenuated all associations in boys. In girls, no associations between smoking and ∆aBMD were found. In boys, only the association with TB ∆aBMD was significant in the fully adjusted models. In girls, “double users” analyses showed similar association to smoking. In boys, nearly all models showed statistically significant associations with a difference of ~ 1–2% in ∆aBMD between “non-users” and “double users” during 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions Our results indicate that tobacco use in late adolescence could be detrimental to bone accretion and may be a signal of increased fracture risk in adult life.

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