scholarly journals Overweight/obesity in young adulthood interacts with aspects of EBV infection in MS etiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e912
Author(s):  
Anna Karin Hedström ◽  
Nicole Brenner ◽  
Julia Butt ◽  
Jan Hillert ◽  
Tim Waterboer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels

ObjectiveBecause obesity affects the cellular immune response to infections, we aimed to investigate whether high body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood and high Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) antibody levels interact with regard to MS risk. We also aimed at exploring potential 3-way interactions between BMI at age 20 years, aspects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (high EBNA-1 antibody levels and infectious mononucleosis [IM] history, respectively) and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15:01 allele.MethodsUsing Swedish population-based case-control studies (5,460 cases and 7,275 controls), we assessed MS risk in relation to interactions between overweight/obesity at age 20 years, IM history, EBNA-1 levels, and HLA-DRB1*15:01 status by calculating ORs with 95% CIs using logistic regression. Potential interactions were evaluated on the additive scale.ResultsOverweight/obesity, compared with normal weight, interacted significantly with high (>50th percentile) EBNA-1 antibody levels (attributable proportion due to interaction 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.4). The strength of the interaction increased with higher category of EBNA-1 antibody levels. Furthermore, 3-way interactions were present between HLA-DRB1*15:01, overweight/obesity at age 20 years, and each aspect of EBV infection.ConclusionsWith regard to MS risk, overweight/obesity in young adulthood acts synergistically with both aspects of EBV infection, predominantly among those with a genetic susceptibility to the disease. The obese state both induces a chronic immune-mediated inflammation and affects the cellular immune response to infections, which may contribute to explain our findings.

Cellular immune response in the presence of protective antibody levels correlates with protection against 1918 influenza in ferrets

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (39) ◽  
pp. 6793-6801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Pillet ◽  
Darwyn Kobasa ◽  
Isabelle Meunier ◽  
Michael Gray ◽  
Dominick Laddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels

scholarly journals Reduced schedule of human anti-rabies immunization with Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine: additional data

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Favoretto ◽  
M.L. Carrieri ◽  
M.S. Tino ◽  
A. Assis ◽  
C.R. Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels

It was reevaluated a reduced schedule for anti-rabies post-exposure immunization with newborn mice nervous tissue vaccine (Fuenzalida 8c Palacios) in a group of 30 non exposed volunteers. The vaccine was administered by intramuscular injections on days zero, 2, 4, 16 and 27, in the deltoid area. Antibody levels were determinated by a simplified serum neutralization microtest on days zero, 16 and 37. On days 16 and 37 the antibody levels of the whole group was >0.5 IU/ml and >1.0 IU/ml, respectively. The cell mediated immunity was precociously detected (on day 4) by the delayed type hipersensitivity skin test. Our results show that this reduced schedule elicited an early and effective humoral and cellular immune response. However it is necessary other studies with larger groups of vaccinees in order to obtain definitive conclusion.

scholarly journals Association between Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoproteins, Neutralization of Infectivity, and the Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Ying Zhu ◽  
Xiang-Wei Kong ◽  
Cong Sun ◽  
Shang-Hang Xie ◽  
Allan Hildesheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the major cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the value of the humoral immune response to EBV glycoproteins and NPC development remains unclear. Correlation between antiglycoprotein antibody levels, neutralization of EBV infectivity, and the risk of NPC requires systematic study. Here, we applied a cytometry-based method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure neutralization of infectivity and antibody response to EBV glycoproteins (gH/gL, gB, gp350, and gp42) of plasma samples from 20 NPC cases and 20 high-risk and 20 low-risk healthy controls nested within a screening cohort in Sihui, southern China. We found that NPC cases have similar plasma neutralizing activity in both B cells and epithelial cells and EBV glycoprotein-specific IgA and IgG antibody levels compared with those of healthy controls. Significant correlations were observed between gH/gL IgG and gB IgG and the neutralizing ability against EBV infection of epithelial cells and B cells. These results indicate that a high level of glycoprotein antibodies may favor protection against primary EBV infection, instead of being low-risk biomarkers for NPC in long-term EBV-infected adults. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the humoral immune response to EBV infection and NPC development, providing valuable leads for future research that is important for prevention and treatment of EBV-related diseases. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that infects over 90% of humans in the world and is causally associated with a spectrum of epithelial and B-cell malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A prophylactic vaccine against EBV is called for, but no approved vaccine is available yet. Therefore, EBV remains a major public health concern. To facilitate novel vaccines and therapeutics for NPC, it is of great importance to explore the impact of humoral immune response to EBV glycoproteins before the development of NPC. Therefore, in this study, we systematically assessed the correlation between antiglycoprotein antibody levels, neutralization of EBV infectivity, and the risk of NPC development. These results provide valuable information that will contribute to designing effective prevention and treatment strategies for EBV-related diseases such as NPC.

Relationship of in vitro immune responses to Epstein-Barr herpesvirus and severity of infectious mononucleosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-952
Author(s):  
K Goldstein ◽  
P K Lai ◽  
M Lightfoote ◽  
A P Andrese ◽  
D Fuccillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Cellular Immune

Immune responses to Epstein-Barr herpesvirus (EBV) and EBV-related antigens were studied serially in 18 patients with heterophil antibody-positive infectious mononucleosis and in 18 control subjects. Enhanced cellular immune responses to EBV particles and to EBV intracellular soluble antigens were found in the patients at convalescence, suggesting that the development of specific cellular immune responses was associated with apparent control of the virus infection. In addition, a correlation between severity of disease and specific cellular immune response was found. Patients with severe clinical signs were found to have a more active cellular immune response to EBV intracellular soluble antigens early in the infection compared with patients with mild disease. This suggests that an increased immune reactivity to intracellular antigens during the early part of the illness is related to the severity of clinical manifestations in infectious mononucleosis. Serum antibody to viral capsid antigen and early antigen was not related to the severity of clinical disease.

Humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mignon ◽  
T. Leclipteux ◽  
CH. Focant ◽  
A. J. Nikkels ◽  
G. E. PIErard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Cellular Immune

The humoral and cellular immune response of sheep against Borna disease virus in endemic and non-endemic areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Müller-Doblies ◽  
S. Baumann ◽  
P. Grob ◽  
A. Hülsmeier ◽  
U. Müller-Doblies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Borna Disease
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