Optimum experimental designs for chemical kinetics and clinical trials

1998 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Experimental Designs

scholarly journals Current status of therapeutic approaches and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braira Wahid ◽  
Anam Amir ◽  
Ayesha Ameen ◽  
Muhammad Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Global Health Challenge

SARS-CoV-2, declared a pandemic in March 2020, is the current global health challenge. The global bioburden of this virus is increasing at a rapid pace. Many antiviral drugs and vaccines have been registered for clinical trials because of their inhibitory activity observed in vitro. Currently, five types of vaccines have successfully passed Phase IV clinical trial and are being administered in populations worldwide. A plethora of experimental designs have been proposed worldwide in order to find a safe and efficacious treatment option. Therefore, it is necessary to provide baseline data and information to clinicians and researchers so that they can review the current status of therapeutics and efficacy of already developed vaccines. This review article summarizes all therapeutic options that may help to combat SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Acupuncture for Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ming ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiao T. Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Victor Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Double Blinded

Background. There has been lack of reviews of evidence on efficacy, methodology, and/or safety of acupuncture in autism spectrum disorders. This paper examines the emerging evidence of the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of autistic children.Method. A literature review was completed via Medline and three Chinese search engines. A total of 31 studies were evaluated for acupuncture methodology, study design, treatment effects, and tolerability.Results. The acupoints used, the duration of needling, the frequency of treatment, the choice of stimulation, and the course of the treatment were highly variable amongst the studies. Behavioral and/or developmental improvements were reported in all acupuncture treatment studies. All studies reported general tolerability. Weakness of experimental designs was discussed.Conclusions. Vigorously controlled double-blinded clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in children with autism spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals Experimental designs for small randomised clinical trials: an algorithm for choice

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Cornu ◽  
Behrouz Kassai ◽  
Roland Fisch ◽  
Catherine Chiron ◽  
Corinne Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trials

scholarly journals EFFICIENT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS FOR CHEMICAL KINETICS STUDIES

Química Nova ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuri E. P. Ferreira ◽  
Luzia A. Trinca ◽  
Cláudia P. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Kinetics Studies

scholarly journals Proceedings of the Sleep and Epilepsy Workshop: Section 1 Decreasing Seizures—Improving Sleep and Seizures, Themes for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 153575972110045
Author(s):  
Mark Quigg ◽  
Carl W. Bazil ◽  
Melanie Boly ◽  
Erik St Louis ◽  
Judy Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seizure Reduction ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Multidisciplinary Group ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epileptic seizures, sleep, and circadian timing share bilateral interactions, but concerted work to characterize these interactions and to leverage them to the advantage of patients with epilepsy remains in beginning stages. To further the field, a multidisciplinary group of sleep physicians, epileptologists, circadian timing experts, and others met to outline the state of the art, gaps of knowledge, and suggest ways forward in clinical, translational, and basic research. A multidisciplinary panel of experts discussed these interactions, centered on whether improvements in sleep or circadian rhythms improve decrease seizure frequency. In addition, education about sleep was lacking in among patients, their families, and physicians, and that focus on education was an extremely important “low hanging fruit” to harvest. Improvements in monitoring technology, experimental designs sensitive to the rigor required to dissect sleep versus circadian influences, and clinical trials in seizure reduction with sleep improvements were appropriate.

scholarly journals The “completely randomised” and the “randomised block” are the only experimental designs suitable for widespread use in pre-clinical research

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. W. Festing
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Abstract Too many pre-clinical experiments are giving results which cannot be reproduced. This may be because the experiments are incorrectly designed. In “Completely randomized” (CR) and “Randomised block” (RB) experimental designs, both the assignment of treatments to experimental subjects and the order in which the experiment is done, are randomly determined. These designs have been used successfully in agricultural and industrial research and in clinical trials for nearly a century without excessive levels of irreproducibility. They must also be used in pre-clinical research if the excessive level of irreproducibility is to be eliminated. A survey of 100 papers involving mice and rats was used to determine whether scientists had used the CR or RB designs. The papers were assigned to three categories “Design acceptable”, “Randomised to treatment groups”, so of doubtful validity, or “Room for improvement”. Only 32 ± 4.7% of the papers fell into the first group, although none of them actually named either the CR or RB design. If the current high level of irreproducibility is to be eliminated, it is essential that scientists engaged in pre-clinical research use “Completely randomised” (CR), “Randomised block” (RB), or one of the more specialised named experimental designs described in textbooks on the subject.

Localization of Gallium-67 in Peritoneal Cells by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
D. C. Swartzendruber ◽  
Norma L. Idoyaga-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Gallium 67

The radionuclide gallium-67 (67Ga) localizes preferentially but not specifically in many human and experimental soft-tissue tumors. Because of this localization, 67Ga is used in clinical trials to detect humar. cancers by external scintiscanning methods. However, the fact that 67Ga does not localize specifically in tumors requires for its eventual clinical usefulness a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that control its deposition in both malignant and normal cells. We have previously reported that 67Ga localizes in lysosomal-like bodies, notably, although not exclusively, in macrophages of the spocytaneous AKR thymoma. Further studies on the uptake of 67Ga by macrophages are needed to determine whether there are factors related to malignancy that might alter the localization of 67Ga in these cells and thus provide clues to discovering the mechanism of 67Ga localization in tumor tissue.

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