In Search of Marble Monuments

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Hendrik M. J. Maier
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dutch Empire ◽  
The Revolution

The Indonesian poet Chairil Anwar (1922–49) appears to have known it all along: his poems, evoking loneliness and failed communication, written in a self-proclaimed new language, were to remain incomplete and unfinished. Incomplete because they were to be read again and again long after the Indonesian National Revolution had achieved its primary aim, political independence of the Republic of Indonesia, heir of the Dutch Empire; unfinished because they were to be published again and again, every printing and every reading creating other poems. The marble monuments of Indonesian culture of which Chairil was dreaming—polished and stable—never materialized. Perhaps only his last poem, in which a formally balanced description of the sociocultural life of the novel Republic was substituted for the evocations of loneliness and failure, seems to confirm his dream: it has rarely been published and became only a reluctant topic of Indonesian conversations in the new century, while the shadows of the Dutch empire and the revolution are fading, and the search for monuments remains incomplete.

Postcolonial Identities in Dinaw Mengestu’s Literary Chronotope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Alice Mogire ◽  
◽  
Justus Makokha ◽  
Oscar Macharia
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Gayatri Spivak ◽  
The Revolution

The critical discussion in this article is on postcolonial identities and it centres on Dinaw Mengestu's novels Children of the Revolution and All Our Names. It is contended that the term postcolonial identities is taken to mean the awareness of the subaltern as they try to negotiate who they are within the chronotopic hybridized African space in the postcolonial context. In the epigraph above, Gayatri Spivak describes the culturally oppressed, the subaltern, as having neither antiquity nor ability for speech due to the milieu of colonial production in which they operate. Important for the study, history and speech happen in time-space. Therefore, the identities of the subaltern, which Spivak associates to history and speech, come into being in the novel through fusion of time-space indicators. Cued by Spivak’s unique assertion, how Mengestu’s Children of the Revolution and All Our Names address themselves to postcolonial identities through fusion of time-space indicators is the central concern of this paper.

scholarly journals Sympathizing with Social Justice: Poetry of Invitation and Generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Wiebe ◽  
Pauline Sameshima
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
The Revolution

In this paper, we use Sameshima’s Parallaxic Praxis Model to create collaborative poetry. The model invites juxtaposing articulations to generate alternative thinking. Similar to Daignault's (1992) notion of a “thinking maybe" space, we invite readers into what we call a liminal studio to theorize new understandings of social justice. In the data phases for this project, Viet Thanh Nguyen’s (2015) The Sympathizer served as a play object: The narrator, the sympathizer, is a captured communist spy in the aftermath of the Vietnam war, and his confession (the novel) considers a critical question for understanding social justice: “What is more important than independence and freedom?” Nguyen refuses simplistic overtures of social justice. Instead, readers are confronted with questions: “What do those who struggle against power do when they seize power? What does the revolutionary do when the revolution triumphs? Why do those who call for independence and freedom take away the independence and freedom of others?” (p. 178). These questions lead us to the frame of our own ten-part poem, the modern scholar under interrogation. Our poetry reframes social justice as the art of being/nothing, the something of nothingness being a language of resistance for a reimagined politics.

Yemen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Novelistic Form ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter focuses on the development of the novel genre in Yemen. The novelistic form has taken a relatively long time to emerge in Yemen, but since 1992 Yemeni writers have produced a number of remarkable novels and the pace of publishing has increased. In addition, scholarly criticism of Yemeni fiction as a distinctive regional tradition has gotten well underway within the last decade. This chapter begins with an overview of the beginnings of the Yemeni novel before turning to works published from the revolution to unification (1962–1990), including historical novels. It also considers novels published from unification to the present, noting that Yemeni authors through the years have tackled a range of themes, including emigration, exile, racism, Muslim-Jewish relations, and cultural pluralism.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Ian Coller
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Revolution

This concluding chapter reveals that the question of Muslim citizenship and the role of Islam in the republic arose out of the Revolution itself. In short, it did not arise belatedly as a result of colonial and postcolonial Muslim migration to the metropole. Moreover, the results of that consideration can reveal much about the Revolution and its principles. The citizenship of Muslims was not only a contingent possibility but a necessary condition for liberty, equality, and fraternity to be universal principles rather than merely national ones. At the same time, at the heart of the Revolution, until the rupture of its principles in 1798, the Muslim path to citizenship had become a routine process, greeted with the indifference proper to a society of equals, leaving few traces, and for this reason there is no way to know with any exactitude how many individuals followed this path.

scholarly journals A especificidade da representação dos fatos históricos em "Esaú e Jacó", de Machado de Assis * The specificity of historical representation in "Esaú e Jacó", by Machado de Assis

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
LUDMYLLA MENDES LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Historical Representation ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Brazilian History

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O presente artigo trata de analisar o modo particular como Machado de Assis constrói a representação dos fatos históricos brasileiros no romance <em>Esaú e Jacó</em>. Este romance traz em seu enredo dois importantes fatos históricos ocorridos no final do século XIX: a Abolição da Escravatura, em 1888 e a Proclamação da República, em 1889. O tratamento literário dado pelo autor aos fatos, imprimindo irrelevância aos mesmos no contexto do enredo, revela que para ser Realista ‘à brasileira’, naquelas circunstâncias específicas, era necessário mostrar o curso da História tendo como base a ausência de transformação.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Machado de Assis – <em>Esaú e Jacó</em> – História do Brasil.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper intends to analyze the special way Machado de Assis builds the representation of Brazilian historical facts in the novel <em>Esaú e Jacó</em>. This novel brings in its plot two important historical events that happened in the late Nineteenth century: the Abolition of Slavery, in 1888; and the Proclamation of the Republic, in 1889. The literary treatment given by the author to the events, printing irrelevance to them, in the context of the plot, reveals that to build a Brazilian realism, in those circumstances, it was necessary to show the course of history based on the absence of transformation.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Machado de Assis – <em>Esaú e Jacó –</em> Brazilian History.</p>

scholarly journals Possible Arbovirus Found in Virome of Melophagus ovinus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2375
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Litov ◽  
Oxana A. Belova ◽  
Ivan S. Kholodilov ◽  
Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov ◽  
Larissa V. Gmyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Injuries ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Melophagus Ovinus ◽  
Porcine Embryo ◽  
The Republic

Members of the Lipopteninae subfamily are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals. The sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) is a widely distributed ectoparasite of sheep. It can be found in most sheep-rearing areas and can cause skin irritation, restlessness, anemia, weight loss and skin injuries. Various bacteria and some viruses have been detected in M. ovinus; however, the virome of this ked has never been studied using modern approaches. Here, we study the virome of M. ovinus collected in the Republic of Tuva, Russia. In our research, we were able to assemble full genomes for five novel viruses, related to the Rhabdoviridae (Sigmavirus), Iflaviridae, Reoviridae and Solemoviridae families. Four viruses were found in all five of the studied pools, while one virus was found in two pools. Phylogenetically, all of the novel viruses clustered together with various recently described arthropod viruses. All the discovered viruses were tested on their ability to replicate in the mammalian porcine embryo kidney (PEK) cell line. Aksy-Durug Melophagus sigmavirus RNA was detected in the PEK cell line cultural supernate after the first, second and third passages. Such data imply that this virus might be able to replicate in mammalian cells, and thus, can be considered as a possible arbovirus.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Isolation and Propagation from Turkish COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Tastan ◽  
Bulut Yurtsever ◽  
Gozde Sir ◽  
Derya Dilek Kancagi ◽  
Sevda Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Positive Strand Rna Virus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Vaccine Testing ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

AbstractThe novel coronavirus pneumonia, which was named later as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, namely SARS-CoV-2. It is a positive-strand RNA virus that is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans. The COVID-19 outbreak presents enormous challenges for global health behind the pandemic outbreak. The first diagnosed patient in Turkey has been reported by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health on March 11, 2020. Today, over ninety thousand cases in Turkey, and two million cases around the world have been declared. Due to the urgent need for vaccine and anti-viral drug, isolation of the virus is crucial. Here, we report one of the first isolation and characterization studies of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens of diagnosed patients in Turkey. This study provides an isolation and replication methodology, and cell culture tropism of the virus that will be available to the research communities.Article SummaryScientists have isolated virus from Turkish COVID-19 patients. The isolation, propagation, and plaque and immune response assays of the virus described here will serve in following drug discovery and vaccine testing.

scholarly journals Le calendrier révolutionnaire de 1793 ou les quatre saisons de la République

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Paweł Matyaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
New Order ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Universe ◽  
New Time ◽  
The Revolution

The authors of the revolutionary calendar, in particular Gilbert Romme and Fabre d’Églantine not only want to put the past behind by implicating a new time and new order but also try to prove the relation between history and nature using the example of the events of the Revolution and their compliance with the laws of the universe. They introduce an innovative nomenclature in order to specify the names of particular days and months but they do not change the natural four-season model of division. The goal of the presented idea is to enrich the natural cycle with a new content expressing the spirit and the objectives of the Republic while following the laws of nature.

“Murder, Robbery, Rape, Adultery, and Incest”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Faherty
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
True Source ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

This essay considers how and why Federalist writers turned to the medium of fiction after the Revolution of 1800 in order to continue to express their concerns about the dangers of a Jeffersonian ascendency and the future of national development. By exploring the connections between rhetorical practices before and after Jefferson’s election, I argue that Federalist writers deployed the same tropes and metaphors to reflect on the loss of their authority despite the shift in genre from newspaper editorial to the novel form. Central to this practice was the use of reflections on the Haitian Revolution which served to represent the instabilities of plantation culture and its capacity to erode cultural mores. The essay focuses on Martha Meredith Read’s Margaretta (1807) as an emblematic example of the ways in which Federalist writers sought to deploy representations of planter decadence as a means of critiquing Jeffersonian power. Yet more than simply critiquing Jeffersonianism, Read also seeks to reframe the tenets of Federalism by advocating that properly ordered domestic spheres are the true source of cultural stability.

Pedobacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., with ginsenoside-converting activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4396-4401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Yang ◽  
Heung-Min Son ◽  
Jung Min Lee ◽  
Heon-Sub Shin ◽  
Sang-Yong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Republic

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated THG-45T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Pocheon province in the Republic of Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred at 4–30 °C, at pH 5.5–9.0 and with 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl on nutrient agar. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain THG-45T was shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter and was related to Pedobacter borealis G-1T (98.8 %), P. alluvionis NWER-II11T (97.9 %), P. agri PB92T (97.9 %), P. terrae DS-57T (97.5 %), P. suwonensis 15-52T (97.4 %), P. sandarakinus DS-27T (97.0 %) and P. soli 15-51T (97.0 %), but DNA relatedness between strain THG-45T and these strains was below 36 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain THG-45T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid. Phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference supported the affiliation of strain THG-45T to the genus Pedobacter , and a number of biochemical tests differentiated strain THG-45T from the recognized species of the genus Pedobacter . Therefore, the novel isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Pedobacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-45T as the type strain ( = KACC 14530T = JCM 16721T).

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