Ventricular Obstruction Secondary to Vascular Malformations

Abstract Enlarged veins in two vascular malformations blocked the cerebrospinal fluid outflow pathways, causing hydrocephalus. Both patients presented not with the usual clinical picture (hemorrhage, seizure, etc.), but with signs of increased intracranial pressure. Computed tomography and angiography were necessary to understand the pathophysiology. An arteriovenous malformation was responsible for the first patient's headache, and a venous varix was the causative lesion in the second patient. Hydrocephalus caused by a venous varix has not been reported before.

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Hemangioma Calcificans in the Fourth Ventricle

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198406000-00016 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 737-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kobayashi Hidenori ◽

Kawano Hirokazu ◽

Ito Haruhide ◽

Hayashi Minoru ◽

Yamamoto Shinjiro

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Posterior Fossa ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Fourth Ventricle ◽

Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

X Ray ◽

4Th Ventricle

Abstract A case of hemangioma calcificans in the 4th ventricle is reported. Skull x-ray films demonstrated a dense calcification in the posterior fossa. Computed tomography disclosed a hyperdense mass in the 4th ventricle. The clinical picture was of increased intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus. An hemangioma calcificans in the 4th ventricle was removed successfully.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology and the Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure

Mayo Clinic Proceedings ◽

10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65131-3 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 684-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

MARK K. LYONS ◽

FREDRIC B. MEYER

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure

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Increased Intracranial Pressure

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.2.9.269 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

pp. 269-276

Author(s):

John F. Griffith ◽

Jimmy C. Brasfield

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Subarachnoid Space ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽

Cranial Cavity ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Underlying Process ◽

Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽

Rate Of Absorption

The infant or child with increasing pressure within the cranial cavity must be identified early and treated promptly in order to prevent serious complications or death. When the pressure elevation is gradual it is frequently well tolerated, and the patient may seem deceptively well. There is a critical point, however, beyond which any further increase in pressure leads to a catastrophic deterioration in the patient's condition.1 When this occurs, the outlook for quality survival is poor despite the best therapy. Unfortunately, this can occur when the underlying process is benign and would have been reversible if recognized and treated promptly. For prompt recognition and treatment, the physician must be familiar with the pathophysiology of raised intracranial pressure. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The intracranial compartment contains blood vessels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and leptomeninges which include the rigid dural membranes forming the falx and tentorium. Whenever there is an increase in the volume of any one of these intracranial components (brain, CSF, blood) there must be a corresponding reduction in the size of the others in order for the intracranial pressure to remain normal. This type of compensation or buffering capacity is particularly important in the early stages of intracranial disease. As the pressure mounts from any type of mass lesion, the CSF is displaced caudally into the spinal subarachnoid space and there is a corresponding increase in the rate of absorption of CSF.2

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Mumps as a Cause of Hydrocephalus

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.2.346b ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 346-347

Author(s):

J. Hower ◽

H. E. Clar ◽

M. Düchting

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽

Human Pathology ◽

Experimental Findings

We read Dr. Bray's communication with great interest. With actually three cases of aqueductal stenosis after mumps being recorded we cannot doubt that the experimental findings of Johnson and Johnson have a bearing on human pathology. Our patient, a 6½-year-old boy, underwent evaluation of his megacephalus five months before the onset of mumps. At that time a pneumoencephalogram could be obtained by lumbar filling. Cerebrospinal fluid flow was considered marginally adequate. Three months after mumps meningoencephalitis the patient presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (papilledema, sudden increase in head circumference, and widening of the coronar suture).

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Normal cerebrospinal fluid protein, increased intracranial pressure, and the guillain-barré syndrome

Annals of Neurology ◽

10.1002/ana.410010113 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 108-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Richard L. Sullivan ◽

Alexander G. Reeves

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barré ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

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Intramedullary Fibrosarcoma of the Cervicomedullary Junction: A Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198710000-00019 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 551-553

Author(s):

Harry Z. Rappaport ◽

Shlomi Constantini ◽

Tali Sigal ◽

Lucia Shuger

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Case Report ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Foramen Magnum ◽

Low Grade ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Patient Symptom ◽

Intraventricular Chemotherapy

Abstract A 17-year-old girl presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure. On computed tomography, an enhancing intraaxial lesion in the region of the foramen magnum was demonstrated. Surgical excision was performed. The pathological diagnosis was low grade fibrosarcoma. Her subsequent course was complicated by cerebrospinal fluid seeding, a posterior fossa recurrence, and repeated subarachnoid hemorrhage with cerebral vasospasm. A combination of radiotherapy and intraventricular chemotherapy has left the patient symptom-free 2 years after operation. The intramedullary appearance of fibrosarcoma and the unusual subsequent clinical course are discussed. (Neurosurgery 21:551-553, 1987)

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C-9. Formation and Absorption of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Increased Intracranial Pressure

Neurologia medico-chirurgica ◽

10.2176/nmc.11.241b ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 241b-242

Author(s):

Youichi IISAKA ◽

Shigeo TOYA ◽

Hisao SHIZAWA ◽

Taizo TSUKUMO ◽

Kinya OSHIDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure

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Increased Intracranial Pressure in a Boy with Gorham-Stout Disease

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000445318 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manisha K. Patel ◽

Brent R. Mittelstaedt ◽

Frank E. Valentin ◽

Linda P. Thomas ◽

Christian L. Carlson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Young Adults ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Migraine Headaches ◽

History Of ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Excessive Proliferation ◽

Csf Leaks

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD), also known as vanishing bone disease, is a rare disorder, which most commonly presents in children and young adults and is characterized by an excessive proliferation of lymphangiomatous tissue within the bones. This lymphangiomatous proliferation often affects the cranium and, due to the proximate location to the dura surrounding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, can result in CSF leaks manifesting as intracranial hypotension with clinical symptoms to include orthostatic headache, nausea, and vertigo. We present the case of a boy with GSD and a known history of migraine headaches who presented with persistent headaches due to increased intracranial pressure. Although migraine had initially been suspected, he was eventually diagnosed with intracranial hypertension after developing ophthalmoplegia and papilledema. We describe the first known instance of successful medical treatment of increased intracranial pressure in a patient with GSD.

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