Juvenile Intervertebral Disc Calcification: Recognition, Management, and Pathogenesis

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Dias ◽  
Dachling Pang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Calcification ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Compressive Myelopathy

Abstract Juvenile intervertebral disc calcification is an uncommon disorder of childhood, characterized by calcification of the nucleus pulposus of one or more intervertebral discs. Calcification may remain dormant or subsequently become symptomatic. The symptoms include fever, malaise, and neck pain and are associated with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and, occasionally, leukocytosis. Although disc protrusion occurs in 38% of patients, neurological signs are distinctly uncommon. We report the case of a patient with a herniated T2-T3 calcified intervertebral disc and compressive myelopathy. Juvenile intervertebral disc calcification is generally a self-limiting disease that seldom requires an operation. The symptoms are transient, and resorption of the disc calcification is the rule once symptoms occur. Neither the cause of the disc calcification nor the trigger for the onset of symptoms is known. An inflammatory response within the disc appears to give rise to clinical symptoms and is associated with eventual resorption of the disc calcification.

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY METHODS OF DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS IN YOUNG PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Ilhar Halyb ohly Mammadov
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Protrusion

In recent years, the number of scientific studies investigating the prevalence of low back pain among schoolchildren has been significantly increased. Degenerative disease of the discs is often accompanied by a low back pain with irradiation into the legs in representatives of different age groups, in particular, in older children. The main factors of its development are genetic predisposition, trauma, obesity, lack of exercise. Most of the components of the vertebral motor segment have the nerve endings and reflex influences, accompanied by inflammation, microcirculatory disorders, and their combination contributes to an appearance of back pain. Diagnosis of degenerative disc disease includes the study of the patient's medical history, analysis of clinical symptoms, use of functional tests and various types of imaging to clarify the degree of macrostructural changes in disks, among which the main place is taken by the magnetic resonance imaging. The development of degenerative changes in intervertebral discs as early as childhood, which requires a further study using non−invasive, accessible and informative methods, especially ultrasound ones. The results of ultrasonography of lumbar intervertebral discs were analyzed in 36 adolescents aged 16−18 years, diagnosed for the protrusion when the MRI was applied. Paramedian protrusion was found to be significantly more frequent than posterolateral, median, and circular ones. Due to its non−invasiveness, low price and information value, the ultrasound can be the most popular method not only as a screening one but also for the expert evaluation of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion in schoolchildren. Key words: diagnostic radiology, lumbar intervertebral discs, adolescents.

scholarly journals A non-linear multiaxial fatigue damage model for the cervical intervertebral disc annulus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401877949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Motiwale ◽  
Adhitya Subramani ◽  
Reuben H Kraft ◽  
Xianlian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Non Linear

A significant portion of the military population develops severe neck pain in the course of their duties. It has been hypothesized that neck pain is a consequence of accelerated degeneration of the intervertebral discs in the cervical spine, but more occupational and mechanistic-based tools and research are needed to positively confirm the link between neck pain and accelerated disc degeneration. Heavy head-supported mass including helmets and accessories worn by military personnel may subject the intervertebral discs of the cervical spine to complex cyclic loading profiles. In addition, some military operational travel which includes riding on high speed planing boats has also been reported to result in high magnitude cyclic loading on cervical spine discs. In this article, we present a methodology to computationally predict fatigue damage to cervical intervertebral discs over extended periods of time, by integrating kinematics-based biomechanical models with a continuum damage mechanics-based theory of disc degeneration. Through this computational approach, we can gain insights into the relationship between these military activities and possible accelerated fatigue degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs and provide a quantitative prediction tool for decade-long time ranges. The four significant improvements this computational framework adds to the area of modeling intervertebral disc degeneration are the following: (a) it addresses the non-linear nature of fatigue damage evolution, (b) it includes the effect of aging and damage recovery to accurately simulate biological phenomena, (c) it computes fatigue damage taking into account the multiaxial stress state in the disc, and (d) it correlates the computational damage parameter with established clinical grading systems for disc degeneration.

scholarly journals Post mortem evaluation of spinal cord and protruded intervertebral discs in dogs without neurological abnormalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1793-1799
Author(s):  
Carolina C. Zani ◽  
Paulo V.T. Marinho ◽  
Gabriel A.C. Diamante ◽  
Felipe A.R. Sueiro ◽  
Mônica V. Bahr Arias
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of protrusion of the intervertebral disc (IVD) causing compression of the spinal cord and/or roots of cauda equina in 30 dogs above seven years of age with no evidence of previous neurological abnormalities. After the occurrence of death or euthanasia, a laminectomy was performed from C2 to the sacral vertebra to verify the presence of IVD protrusions. The protruded IVD were macroscopically graded according to the Thompson scale, and the corresponding spinal cord segment was histologically analyzed for nervous tissue compression. Of the 30 dogs, twelve (40%) presented disc protrusion, and of these 12 dogs, seven (58%) presented more than one protruded disc. Disc protrusion was observed in 3.2% (25/780) of all IVD evaluated. Of the six chondrodystrophic dogs, five (83%) presented disc protrusion. Of the 24 nonchondrodystrophic dogs, seven (29%) presented IVD protrusion. The site that showed the highest frequency of protrusion was L4-L5 (6/25) followed by the L6-L7 region (3/25) and C6-C7 (3/25). Only two of the medullary segments evaluated showed histological changes, with presence of focal lymphocytic infiltration and multifocal mild hemorrhage in the gray matter. Under the conditions of this study, 40% of dogs older than seven years old showed IVD protrusions without showing neurological signs, with no abnormality of the nervous tissue in 92% of the evaluated segments. Thus, the protrusion of the IVD in some dogs, can only be a finding of no clinical relevance.

The Symptomatic Incompetent Cervical Intervertebral Disc

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vassilouthis ◽  
Angelos Kalovithouris ◽  
Athinodoros Papandreou ◽  
Stergios Tegos
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Disc Protrusion

Abstract A series of 16 patients with symptoms such as pain in the neck, occiput, shoulder and arm; numbness in the hands: and/or difficulty in walking, is described. Neurological examination of the upper extremities disclosed signs of nerve roots dysfunction in 5 patients and long tract signs in 12, whereas examination of the lower extremities disclosed long tract signs in every patient. Positive contrast cervical myelograms suggested mild posterior bulging of one or two intervertebral discs in every patient, but computed tomographic myelograms invariably demonstrated a coincident narrow cervical spinal canal, thus revealing the true compressive potential of the aforementioned mild disc protrusion on the spinal cord. All patients underwent anterior cervical microdiscectomy of the offending disc or discs, which were found to be degenerated. No case of frank rupture of the anulus was identified. Response to treatment was graded as excellent in 12 patients, who had complete relief of symptoms, and good in 4 patients, who had mild residual complaints. This study suggests that incompetence (bulging) of a cervical intervertebral disc may acquire important clinical significance in the presence of a narrow spinal canal by compressing the spinal cord and the corresponding nerve roots. Surgical removal of the diseased disc may result in restoration of neurological function.

Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

     Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies.  The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive.  Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions. 

EXPERIENCE OF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIAS WITH CARIFLEX GEL AND CREAM IN AMBULATORY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Zufar ADAMBAEV ◽  
◽  
Ibodulla KILICHEV ◽  
Tuygunoy XODJANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Complex Therapy

A complex therapy of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine with herniated intervertebral discs with neurological manifestations was carried out with the addition of phonophoresis Kariflex gel followed by segmental massage with Kariflex cream. The comparative evaluation of the method was carried out in 89 patients. Comparative analysis revealed the reliable efficiency of the method used. Against the background of the proposed therapy, there was a significant decrease in pain and muscle-tonic syndromes, an increase in the range of motion in the spine

Childhood intervertebral disc calcification

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Theo Mellion ◽  
John P. Laurent ◽  
William C. Watters
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Calcification

Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion in a donkey

2003 ◽  
Vol 152 (21) ◽  
pp. 660-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Drouard ◽  
K. Feige ◽  
G. Soldati ◽  
C. Schwarzwald ◽  
M. Fluckiger
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Protrusion

Treatment of protruded lumbar intervertebral discs with chymopapain (Discase)

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Parkinson ◽  
Christopher Shields
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Thirty-three intervertebral disc patients who otherwise would have been subjected to surgery were treated by injection with chymopapain. The pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, immunology, and chemical action of this enzyme, which specifically reacts with chondromucoproteins, are discussed. Results indicate that this method, although still experimental and unapproved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, may become a useful addition to the surgeon's armamentarium in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease.

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