scholarly journals Increased Gray Matter Density in the Right Mesencephalic Tegmentum Is Associated With Better Engel Classes I and II After Radiosurgery for Hypothalamic Hamartomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Tuleasca ◽  
Hussein Hamdi ◽  
Géraldine Daquin ◽  
Nathalie Villeneuve ◽  
Patrick Chauvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Hypothalamic Hamartomas ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals The Functional and Structural Changes of the Brain in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ji bingjun ◽  
Bingjun Ji ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Xuan Cui ◽  
Jingtao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is often associated with cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanism of cognitive impairment is not clear. The present study investigated the functional and anatomic changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their correlations with cognitive functions by the application of combined functional and structural analysis. Methods: T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI data were acquired from 23 PD patients with MCI (PD-MCI), 23 PD patients with normal cognitive function (PD-NCI), and 23 matched healthy controls (HC). The structural imaging data was analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surfaced-based morphometry (SBM) methods to assess the changes of gray matter density and cortical thickness, respectively. And the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis using resting-state functional imaging data to measure the spontaneous changes of brain activity. Their Correlations with neuropsychological assessments (e.g., Montreal cognitive assessment, MOCA; Mini-mental state examination, MMSE) were also examined. Results: Compared to the HC group, the PD-MCI patient group showed both decreased ALFF in the occipital regions (i.e., left middle occipital gyrus) and parietal regions (i.e., left precuneus) and increased ALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus. Also, the PD-MCI patient group showed reduced gray matter density in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Cortical thinning in the left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus was found in the PD_MCI patient group relative to the control group. Furthermore, ALFF of the right hippocampus and gray matter density of right frontal gyrus was correlated with cognitive impairment (e.g., MOCA ), respectively. Cortical thickness of right superior temporal gyrus was also associated with cognitive deficit (e.g., MMSE ). Conclusion: MCI in PD is associated with widespread brain functional and structural alternations. The combination of functional and structural abnormalities may be related to subtle cognitive impairment in PD.

Frontal Assessment Battery in Parkinson’s Disease: Validity and Morphological Correlates

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Bezdicek ◽  
Filip Růžička ◽  
Adela Fendrych Mazancova ◽  
Jan Roth ◽  
Pavel Dušek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Frontal Assessment Battery ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectives: Executive dysfunction is a common feature in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a lack of brief validated instruments for executive dysfunction in PD. Methods: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation of Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores to age and education, to verify the utility of FAB in the evaluation of executive dysfunction in PD and to differentiate between controls (n=41), PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC; n=41; Hoehn and Yahr stages 2–3) and PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n=32; Hoehn and Yahr stages 2–3). In addition, we studied the relation between voxel-based morphometric (VBM) data and FAB results in PD. Results: We found that FAB scores are significantly related to age and education. The FAB has shown discriminative validity for the differentiation of PD-MCI from PD-NC and controls (area under the curve >.80). Also, the VBM analysis revealed lower FAB scores are specifically related to lower gray matter density in the right ventromedial prefrontal areas and precuneus. Conclusions: The FAB can be recommended as a valid instrument for PD-MCI Level I screening. FAB is sensitive to frontal lobe involvement in PD as reflected by lower gray matter density in prefrontal areas. (JINS, 2017, 23, 675–684)

scholarly journals Evidence for a specific regional association between lateral orbitofrontal cortex morphometry and increased appetite in major depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marc Anton Mehler ◽  
Nils Opel ◽  
Jonathan Repple ◽  
Nils B Kroemer ◽  
Maike Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right

Increased appetite and body weight are core features of atypical depression. While previous research has consistently highlighted the presence of distinct immunometabolic profiles in atypical depression, little is still known about the neural correlates of atypical symptoms in major depression. Even though obesity and increased body-mass index have frequently been associated with prefrontal brain structural alterations first and foremost in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in healthy and depressed subjects, it is unclear if conceptually related atypical depressive symptoms are associated with similar neural signatures. Here we aimed to investigate associations between appetite and weight change in major depression and OFC morphometry using a multimodal structural neuroimaging approach. We found that increased appetite was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness and lower gray matter density specifically in the right lateral OFC. Further, Bayesian model comparison showed that appetite change was a more informative predictor for changes in cortical thickness and gray matter density compared to body mass index. No conclusive association between appetite change and white matter tracts connected to the right lateral OFC was found. Our findings highlight the relevance of the right lateral OFC for future investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of the atypical depressive symptom dimensions appetite and weight gain.

scholarly journals Abnormalities in Cortical Gray Matter Density in Borderline Personality Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rossi ◽  
M. Lanfredi ◽  
M. Pievani ◽  
M. Boccardi ◽  
P.E. Rasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackground:Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic condition with a strong impact on patients’ affective, cognitive and social functioning. Neuroimaging techniques offer invaluable tools to understand the biological substrate of the disease. We aimed to investigate gray matter alterations over the whole cortex in a group of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC).Methods:Magnetic resonance-based cortical pattern matching was used to assess cortical gray matter density (GMD) in 26 BPD patients and in their age- and sex-matched HC (age: 38 ± 11; females: 16, 61%).Results:BPD patients showed widespread lower cortical GMD compared to HC (4% difference) with peaks of lower density located in the dorsal frontal cortex, in the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior and posterior cingulate, the right parietal lobe, the temporal lobe (medial temporal cortex and fusiform gyrus) and in the visual cortex (P < 0.005). Our BPD subjects displayed a symmetric distribution of anomalies in the dorsal aspect of the cortical mantle, but a wider involvement of the left hemisphere in the mesial aspect in terms of lower density. A few restricted regions of higher density were detected in the right hemisphere. All regions remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons via permutation testing.Conclusions:BPD patients feature specific morphology of the cerebral structures involved in cognitive and emotional processing and social cognition/mentalization, consistent with clinical and functional data.

Reduction of gray matter density in the extrastriate body area in women with anorexia nervosa

2010 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Suchan ◽  
Martin Busch ◽  
Dietmar Schulte ◽  
Dietrich Grönermeyer ◽  
Stephan Herpertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Extrastriate Body Area

The effect of DISC1 on regional gray matter density of schizophrenia in Han Chinese population

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinling Wei ◽  
Feici Diao ◽  
Zhuang Kang ◽  
Zhaoyu Gan ◽  
Zili Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Han Chinese Population

Correlations in spontaneous activity and gray matter density between left and right sensoritmotor areas of pianists

Neuroreport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Lv ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
De-Yi Wang ◽  
Shu-Yu Li ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Left And Right

scholarly journals Conditioned fear reactions are associated with gray matter density but not cortical microstructure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Fraenz ◽  
Dorothea Metzen ◽  
Christian J. Merz ◽  
Helene Selpien ◽  
Nikolai Axmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Reaction ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images

AbstractResearch has shown that fear acquisition, in reaction to potentially harmful stimuli or situations, is characterized by pronounced interindividual differences. It is likely that such differences are evoked by variability in the macro- and microstructural properties of brain regions involved in the processing of threat or safety signals from the environment. Indeed, previous studies have shown that the strength of conditioned fear reactions is associated with the cortical thickness or volume of various brain regions. However, respective studies were exclusively targeted at single brain regions instead of whole brain networks. Here, we tested 60 young and healthy individuals in a differential fear conditioning paradigm while they underwent fMRI scanning. In addition, we acquired T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion-weighted images prior to testing. We used task-based fMRI data to define global brain networks which exhibited increased BOLD responses towards CS+ or CS- presentations, respectively. From these networks, we obtained mean values of gray matter density, neurite density, and neurite orientation dispersion. We found that mean gray matter density averaged across the CS+ network was significantly correlated with the strength of conditioned fear reactions quantified via skin conductance response. Measures of neurite architecture were not associated with conditioned fear reaction in any of the two networks. Our results extend previous findings on the relationship between brain morphometry and fear learning. Most importantly, our study is the first to introduce neurite imaging to fear learning research and discusses how its implementation can be improved in future research.

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