scholarly journals Evidence for a specific regional association between lateral orbitofrontal cortex morphometry and increased appetite in major depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marc Anton Mehler ◽  
Nils Opel ◽  
Jonathan Repple ◽  
Nils B Kroemer ◽  
Maike Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right

Increased appetite and body weight are core features of atypical depression. While previous research has consistently highlighted the presence of distinct immunometabolic profiles in atypical depression, little is still known about the neural correlates of atypical symptoms in major depression. Even though obesity and increased body-mass index have frequently been associated with prefrontal brain structural alterations first and foremost in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in healthy and depressed subjects, it is unclear if conceptually related atypical depressive symptoms are associated with similar neural signatures. Here we aimed to investigate associations between appetite and weight change in major depression and OFC morphometry using a multimodal structural neuroimaging approach. We found that increased appetite was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness and lower gray matter density specifically in the right lateral OFC. Further, Bayesian model comparison showed that appetite change was a more informative predictor for changes in cortical thickness and gray matter density compared to body mass index. No conclusive association between appetite change and white matter tracts connected to the right lateral OFC was found. Our findings highlight the relevance of the right lateral OFC for future investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of the atypical depressive symptom dimensions appetite and weight gain.

scholarly journals Reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with greater body mass index: a coordinate-based meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Y. Chen ◽  
Susan Murray ◽  
Tania Giovannetti ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

AbstractMeta-analyses of neuroimaging studies have not found a clear relationship between the orbitofrontal cortex and obesity, despite animal and human studies suggesting the contrary. Our primary meta-analysis examined what regions are associated with reduced gray matter volume, given increased body mass index. We identified 23 voxel-based morphometry studies examining the association between gray matter volume and body mass index. In a sample of 6,788 participants, we found that greater body mass index is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the right Brodmanns’ area 10 and 11, forming part of the right orbitofrontal cortex (FWE, p=0.05). Use of Brodmanns’ areas 10 and 11 as seeds in a Neurosynth network coactivation and text decoding analysis revealed that these regions are associated with studies of emotional regulation and processing, clinical symptoms and disorder, ‘mentalizing’ and social cognition, and the Default mode network. Our finding uniquely contributes to the literature in showing a relationship between the orbitofrontal cortex and obesity and showing the wide-ranging impact these differences may have on social, mental, and emotional functioning as well as on the Default mode network. Exploratory analyses suggest the need for studies examining the effect of age on these findings.

scholarly journals Inflammatory agents partially explain changes in cortical thickness and surface area related to body mass index in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Prats-Soteras ◽  
M.A. Jurado ◽  
J. Ottino-González ◽  
I. García-García ◽  
B. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesExcessive body mass index (BMI) has been linked to a low-grade chronic inflammation state. Unhealthy BMI has also been related to neuroanatomical changes in adults. However, research in adolescents is relatively limited and has produced conflicting results. This study aims to address the relationship between BMI and adolescents’ brain structure as well as to test the role that inflammatory adipose-related agents might have over this putative link.MethodsWe studied structural MRI and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in 65 adolescents (aged 12-21 years). Relationships between BMI, cortical thickness and surface area were tested with a vertex-wise analysis. Subsequently, we used backward multiple linear regression models to explore the influence of inflammatory parameters in each brain-altered area.ResultsWe found a negative association between cortical thickness and BMI in the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), the left fusiform gyrus and the right precentral gyrus as well as a positive relationship between surface area and BMI in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus. In addition, we found that higher fibrinogen serum concentrations were related to thinning within the left LOC (β = −0.45, p < 0.001) and the left fusiform gyrus (β = - 0.33, p = 0.035), while higher serum levels of TNF-α were associated to a greater surface area in the right superior frontal gyrus (β = 0.32, p = 0.045).ConclusionsThese results suggest that adolescents’ body mass increases are related with brain abnormalities in areas that could play a relevant role in some aspects of feeding behavior. Likewise, we have evidenced that these cortical changes were partially driven by inflammatory agents such as fibrinogen and TNF-α.

scholarly journals Age-Related Effects and Sex Differences in Gray Matter Density, Volume, Mass, and Cortical Thickness from Childhood to Young Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (20) ◽  
pp. 5065-5073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstathios D. Gennatas ◽  
Brian B. Avants ◽  
Daniel H. Wolf ◽  
Theodore D. Satterthwaite ◽  
Kosha Ruparel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assessment of Kidney Sizes in Different Age Groups without Renal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Nazma Nazma ◽  
Palakurthy Hariprasad
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Ultrasound imaging is a lightweight, effective, non-invasive, and radiation-free imaging tool. It helps to diagnose and treat many renal disorders, as it is known that renal size is closely related to its function. Study was carried out among individuals who do not have renal disease to investigate the normal parameters of the renal size and cortical thickness by ultrasound and determine the normal curves for these parameters that can be compared with those of patients with renal disease. METHODS This was a prospective observational study carried out in the departments of nephrology and radiology. A total of 500 balanced normotensive, male and female volunteers, between the ages of 18 and 80 years, were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Body mass index, left length, left breadth, right cortical thickness, left cortical thickness and body surface area is statistically significant with respect to gender. There is a difference between the right length, breadth, and left breadth that is not statistically significant with respect to gender. Body mass index is negatively correlated with the right breadth and left cortical thickness. The right length is positively correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is negatively correlated with the right breadth, left breadth, and left cortical thickness. Right breadth is positively and significantly correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is correlates negatively with the right length and left cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that when the height and weight of the subject were correlated with renal volume and length in both sexes, there was an important positive relationship. This association between renal volume and the height and weight of the subject was relatively stronger. KEYWORDS Renal Disease, Ultrasound, Renal Length, Cortical Thickness

scholarly journals Reduced Inhibitory Control Mediates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness in the Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Body Mass Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2275-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Isabelle E Bauer ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Sudhakar Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

No Changes in Gray Matter Density or Cortical Thickness in Late-Life Minor Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 17l11604
Author(s):  
Maryna Polyakova ◽  
Karsten Mueller ◽  
Christian Sander ◽  
Frauke Beyer ◽  
Veronica Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Gray Matter Density

scholarly journals Increased Gray Matter Density in the Right Mesencephalic Tegmentum Is Associated With Better Engel Classes I and II After Radiosurgery for Hypothalamic Hamartomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Tuleasca ◽  
Hussein Hamdi ◽  
Géraldine Daquin ◽  
Nathalie Villeneuve ◽  
Patrick Chauvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Hypothalamic Hamartomas ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals The Functional and Structural Changes of the Brain in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ji bingjun ◽  
Bingjun Ji ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Xuan Cui ◽  
Jingtao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is often associated with cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanism of cognitive impairment is not clear. The present study investigated the functional and anatomic changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their correlations with cognitive functions by the application of combined functional and structural analysis. Methods: T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI data were acquired from 23 PD patients with MCI (PD-MCI), 23 PD patients with normal cognitive function (PD-NCI), and 23 matched healthy controls (HC). The structural imaging data was analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surfaced-based morphometry (SBM) methods to assess the changes of gray matter density and cortical thickness, respectively. And the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis using resting-state functional imaging data to measure the spontaneous changes of brain activity. Their Correlations with neuropsychological assessments (e.g., Montreal cognitive assessment, MOCA; Mini-mental state examination, MMSE) were also examined. Results: Compared to the HC group, the PD-MCI patient group showed both decreased ALFF in the occipital regions (i.e., left middle occipital gyrus) and parietal regions (i.e., left precuneus) and increased ALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus. Also, the PD-MCI patient group showed reduced gray matter density in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Cortical thinning in the left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus was found in the PD_MCI patient group relative to the control group. Furthermore, ALFF of the right hippocampus and gray matter density of right frontal gyrus was correlated with cognitive impairment (e.g., MOCA ), respectively. Cortical thickness of right superior temporal gyrus was also associated with cognitive deficit (e.g., MMSE ). Conclusion: MCI in PD is associated with widespread brain functional and structural alternations. The combination of functional and structural abnormalities may be related to subtle cognitive impairment in PD.

Frontal Assessment Battery in Parkinson’s Disease: Validity and Morphological Correlates

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Bezdicek ◽  
Filip Růžička ◽  
Adela Fendrych Mazancova ◽  
Jan Roth ◽  
Pavel Dušek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Frontal Assessment Battery ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectives: Executive dysfunction is a common feature in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a lack of brief validated instruments for executive dysfunction in PD. Methods: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation of Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores to age and education, to verify the utility of FAB in the evaluation of executive dysfunction in PD and to differentiate between controls (n=41), PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC; n=41; Hoehn and Yahr stages 2–3) and PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n=32; Hoehn and Yahr stages 2–3). In addition, we studied the relation between voxel-based morphometric (VBM) data and FAB results in PD. Results: We found that FAB scores are significantly related to age and education. The FAB has shown discriminative validity for the differentiation of PD-MCI from PD-NC and controls (area under the curve >.80). Also, the VBM analysis revealed lower FAB scores are specifically related to lower gray matter density in the right ventromedial prefrontal areas and precuneus. Conclusions: The FAB can be recommended as a valid instrument for PD-MCI Level I screening. FAB is sensitive to frontal lobe involvement in PD as reflected by lower gray matter density in prefrontal areas. (JINS, 2017, 23, 675–684)

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