Specification of adaxial cell fate during maize leaf development

The objective of this work was to simulate maize leaf development in climate change scenarios at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, considering symmetric and asymmetric increases in air temperature. The model of Wang & Engel for leaf appearance rate (LAR), with genotype-specific coefficients for the maize variety BRS Missões, was used to simulate tip and expanded leaf accumulated number from emergence to flag leaf appearance and expansion, for nine emergence dates from August 15 to April 15. LAR model was run for each emergence date in 100-year climate scenarios: current climate, and +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5°C increase in mean air temperature, with symmetric and asymmetric increase in daily minimum and maximum air temperature. Maize crop failure due to frost decreased in elevated temperature scenarios, in the very early and very late emergence dates, indicating a lengthening in the maize growing season in warmer climates. The leaf development period in maize was shorter in elevated temperature scenarios, with greater shortening in asymmetric temperature increases, indicating that warmer nights accelerate vegetative development in maize.

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From Tip to Base: Parallel Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses of Successive Stages of Maize Leaf Development

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.113.250810 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 2767-2767

Author(s):

Jennifer Lockhart

Keyword(s):

Leaf Development ◽

Maize Leaf

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Genome-wide transcript analysis of early maize leaf development reveals gene cohorts associated with the differentiation of C4Kranz anatomy

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/tpj.12229 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 656-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Peng Wang ◽

Steven Kelly ◽

Jim P. Fouracre ◽

Jane A. Langdale

Keyword(s):

Leaf Development ◽

Transcript Analysis ◽

Maize Leaf ◽

Genome Wide

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A conceptual framework for maize leaf development

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/0012-1606(92)90090-4 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 44-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Michael Freeling

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Leaf Development ◽

Maize Leaf

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A simple method for exogenously phytohormone application to the protodermal areas in the base of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf

10.21203/rs.3.rs-452301/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jieping Li ◽

Xinlei Feng

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Culture Media ◽

Direct Method ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Simple Method ◽

Maize Leaf ◽

Entire Experiment ◽

Asymmetrical Division ◽

Subsidiary Cells

Abstract Background: The maize leaf epidermis is function as protection against water loss and gas exchange, contacting the environment and avoiding the damage, which is an attractive system for studying the process of cell fate and development. In monocots, leaves epidermis grown from basal meristem, which contains protodermal cells. The leaf protoderm zone was covered by the leaf sheath or coleoptile in maize, the classic exogenously phytohormone application method, such as spraying on leaf surface or adding in the culture media can’t apply the phytohormone to the protoderm areas directly, which restricts the research about phytohormone effect epidermal development.Results: Here we described a simple and direct method for exogenously application of phytohormone to maize leaf protoderm. We use the auxin analogs 2,4-D to test the system, and the asymmetrical division events which initial stomata development were decreased and the subsidiary cells were induced in advance after 2,4-D treatment. This result was the same as other similar studies’ results, indicated that the method is suitable for been used for application phytohormone to the maize leaf protodermal areas.Conclusions: The method, applied hormones on the mesocotyls of the maize seedlings, is simple and direct. Only a small amount of externally applied substances is required to complete this experiment through this method. The entire experiment process just last 10 days generally and it is easy to survey the phytohormone's effect on the epidermis development.

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Sectors expressing the homeobox gene liguleless3 implicate a time-dependent mechanism for cell fate acquisition along the proximal-distal axis of the maize leaf

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.124.24.5097 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 124 (24) ◽

pp. 5097-5106 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G.J. Muehlbauer ◽

J.E. Fowler ◽

M. Freeling

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Homeobox Gene ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Cell Types ◽

Transverse Dimension ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Fates ◽

Maize Leaf ◽

Gradual Process

The longitudinal axis of the maize leaf is composed of, in proximal to distal order, sheath, ligule, auricle and blade. The semidominant Liguleless3-O (Lg3-O) mutation disrupts leaf development at the ligular region of the leaf midrib by transforming blade to sheath. In a previous study, we showed that leaf sectors of Lg3 mutant activity are cell nonautonomous in the transverse dimension and can confer several alternative developmental fates (Fowler, Muehlbauer and Freeling (1996) Genetics 143, 489–503). In our present study we identify five Lg3 sector types in the leaf: sheath-like with displaced ligule (sheath-like), sheath-like with ectopic ligule (ectopic ligule), auricle-like, macro-hairless blade and wild-type blade. The acquisition of a specific sector fate depends on the timing of Lg3 expression. Early Lg3 expression results in adoption of the sheath-like phenotype at the ligule position (a proximal cell fate), whereas later Lg3 expression at the same position results in one of the more distal cell fates. Furthermore, sheath-like Lg3 sectors exhibit a graded continuum of phenotypes in the transformed blade region from the most proximal (sheath) to the most distal (wild-type blade), suggesting that cell fate acquisition is a gradual process. We propose a model for leaf cell fate acquisition based on a timing mechanism whereby cells of the leaf primordium progress through a maturation schedule of competency stages which eventually specify the cell types along the proximal to distal axis of the leaf. In addition, the lateral borders between Lg3 ‘on’ sectors and wild-type leaf sometimes provide evidence of no spreading of the transformed phenotype. In these cases, competency stages are inherited somatically.

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