The effect of epidermal growth factor, insulin and transferrin on the growth-promoting properties of serum depleted by repeated culture of postimplantation rat embryos

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
M.K. Pratten ◽  
A.M. Brooke ◽  
S.C. Broome ◽  
F. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

Homologous serum, when repeatedly used for the culture of postimplantation rat embryos, rapidly loses its capacity to support growth and development. Replenishment of the ‘exhausted’ serum with glucose and vitamins (MEM vitamin concentrate—Flow Laboratories) together with gentle dialysis to remove small molecular weight toxic metabolites (lactate etc) fails to restore the growth-promoting properties of the serum. This suggests that ‘recycled’ serum has been depleted of specific growth-promoting factors. Such serum that has been subjected to dialysis can be completely replenished by addition of 30% normal rat serum. It is therefore probable that the growth promoters are originally present at very low concentrations and become rate limiting when serum is recycled. Many growth factors and hormones fall into this category and it is likely that a considerable number are involved when serum is ‘exhausted’ by repeated use. When insulin, epidermal growth factor or rat transferrin are added to dialysed ‘exhausted’ serum each effects a partial restoration of growth of rat embryos.

scholarly journals PKM2-Induced the Phosphorylation of Histone H3 Contributes to EGF-Mediated PD-L1 Transcription in HCC

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
Xin Yao ◽  
Ruo-Han Yang ◽  
Zhan-Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Hcc Cells

High expression of programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells usually inhibits the proliferation and functions of T cells, leading to immune suppression in tumor microenvironment. However, very little has been described regarding the mechanism of PD-L1 overexpression in HCC cells. In the present study, we found epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation promoted the expression of PD-L1 mRNA and protein in HCC cells. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) could reverse EGF-induced the expression of PD-L1 mRNA and protein. Subsequently, we also observed that the phosphorylation level of Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) at Ser37 site was also increased in response to EGF stimulation. Expression of a phosphorylation-mimic PKM2 S37D mutant stimulated PD-L1 expression as well as H3-Thr11 phosphorylation in HCC cells, while inhibition of PKM2 significantly blocked EGF-induced PD-L1 expression and H3-Thr11 phosphorylation. Furthermore, mutation of Thr11 of histone H3 into alanine abrogated EGF-induced mRNA and protein expression of PD-L1, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay also suggested that EGF treatment resulted in enhanced H3-Thr11 phosphorylation at the PD-L1 promoter. In a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat model of HCC, we found that the expression of phosphorylated EGFR, PKM2 nuclear expression, H3-Thr11 phosphorylation as well as PD-L1 mRNA and protein was higher in the livers than that in normal rat livers. Taken together, our study suggested that PKM2-dependent histone H3-Thr11 phosphorylation was crucial for EGF-induced PD-L1 expression at transcriptional level in HCC. These findings may provide an alternative target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α in human milk of different lactation stages and different regions and their relationship with maternal diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqing Lu ◽  
Jiajing Jiang ◽  
Kejian Wu ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Α ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Factor Α

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) are important growth-promoting factors in human milk and play an important role in a newborn's gastrointestinal function.

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