The dorsal-open group gene raw is required for restricted DJNK signaling during closure

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (21) ◽  
pp. 4913-4923 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Byars ◽  
K.L. Bates ◽  
A. Letsou
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Open Group ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Genes ◽  
Novel Protein

During dorsal closure in Drosophila melanogaster, cells of the lateral epidermis migrate over the amnioserosa to encase the embryo. At least three classes of dorsal-open group gene products are necessary for this morphogenetic movement. Class I genes code for structural proteins that effect changes in epidermal cell shape and motility. Class II and III genes code for regulatory components of closure: Class II genes encode Drosophila Jun amino (N)-terminal kinase (DJNK) signaling molecules and Class III genes encode Decapentaplegic-mediated signaling molecules. All characterized dorsal-open group gene products function in the epidermis. Here we report a molecular and genetic characterization of raw, a newly defined member of the Class II dorsal-open group genes. We show that the novel protein encoded by raw is required for restriction of DJNK signaling to leading edge epidermal cells as well as for proper development of the amnioserosa. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for Raw in restriction of epidermal signaling during closure and suggest that this effect may be mediated via the amnioserosa.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Known P-Fimbrial G Alleles inEscherichia coli and Identification of a New Adhesin Class

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon D. Manning ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Betsy Foxman ◽  
Angela Spindler ◽  
Patricia Tallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inescherichia Coli ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Fimbrial Adhesin

ABSTRACT Screening a large Escherichia coli collection for P-fimbrial adhesin classes identified 20 unclassifiable strains. Cloning and sequencing of papG from an unclassifiable strain identified another G allele. The novel adhesin gene has 65% identity to the class I adhesin gene, 44% identity to the class II adhesin gene, and 43% identity to the class III adhesin gene.

Endolyn (CD164) Interacts with CXCR4 and Modulates the CXCL12-Mediated Homing and Migration of Cord Blood CD133+ Hematopoietic Precusor Cells.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1135
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Watt ◽  
Sinead Forde ◽  
Brit Jorgensen Tye ◽  
Sarah Newey ◽  
Maria Roubelakis
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Human Cd34

Abstract The sialomucin, endolyn or CD164, has been shown to act as an important regulator in the adhesion of human haemopoietic stem/precursor cells (HPC) to stromal niche cells, while also controlling the entry of primitive human CD34+CD38lo HPC into cycle. Here, we define a novel function for endolyn, by identifying its ability to modulate CD133+ cord blood HPC migration on fibronectin towards CXCL12 in vitro. Interestingly, CD133+ cell migration on fibronectin to CXCL12 was reduced 1) by engaging the functional class II glycosylation-dependent epitope on endolyn with the 103B2/9E10 class II but not N6B6 class III antibody; and 2) by RNAi knockdown of endolyn in both CD133+ HPC and Jurkat cells. The inhibition of migration was more pronounced in the more primitive CD34+CD38lo/− HPC subset than in the CD38+ subset. We show a direct and temporal association of endolyn with the CXCR4 receptor, at the leading edge of CD133+ HPC. When CXCL12 is presented on fibronectin, we first see an upregulation in the association of CXCR4 with the a-4 and a-5 integrins that is closely followed by recruitment of endolyn to this complex. This was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Knock-down of endolyn using siRNAs revealed that signaling through CXCR4 via PKC-zeta and Akt pathways was significantly dampened, while leaving MAPK phosphorylation unaffected. Our current studies are aimed at examining the in vivo importance of endolyn in HPC homing to the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mice. Our findings support a novel association between three distinct families of cell surface receptors that regulate both cell migratory and proliferative responses and identify endolyn as a key regulator of CXCR4/CXCL12 function.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of the novel protein CCDC106 that interacts with p53 and promotes its degradation

FEBS Letters ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 584 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianlin Zhou ◽  
Xi Qiao ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Novel Protein

scholarly journals Control of Flagellar Gene Regulation in Legionella pneumophila and Its Relation to Growth Phase

2009 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Albert-Weissenberger ◽  
Tobias Sahr ◽  
Odile Sismeiro ◽  
Jörg Hacker ◽  
Klaus Heuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Class Iii Genes

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila responds to environmental changes by differentiation. At least two forms are well described: replicative bacteria are avirulent; in contrast, transmissive bacteria express virulence traits and flagella. Phenotypic analysis, Western blotting, and electron microscopy of mutants of the regulatory genes encoding RpoN, FleQ, FleR, and FliA demonstrated that flagellin expression is strongly repressed and that the mutants are nonflagellated in the transmissive phase. Transcriptome analyses elucidated that RpoN, together with FleQ, enhances transcription of 14 out of 31 flagellar class II genes, which code for the basal body, hook, and regulatory proteins. Unexpectedly, FleQ independent of RpoN enhances the transcription of fliA encoding sigma 28. Expression analysis of a fliA mutant showed that FliA activates three out of the five remaining flagellar class III genes and the flagellar class IV genes. Surprisingly, FleR does not induce but inhibits expression of at least 14 flagellar class III genes on the transcriptional level. Thus, we propose that flagellar class II genes are controlled by FleQ and RpoN, whereas the transcription of the class III gene fliA is controlled in a FleQ-dependent but RpoN-independent manner. However, RpoN and FleR might influence flagellin synthesis on a posttranscriptional level. In contrast to the commonly accepted view that enhancer-binding proteins such as FleQ always interact with RpoN to fullfill their regulatory functions, our results strongly indicate that FleQ regulates gene expression that is RpoN dependent and RpoN independent. Finally, FliA induces expression of flagellar class III and IV genes leading to the complete synthesis of the flagellum.

scholarly journals Modulation of the fate of cytoplasmic mRNA by AU-rich elements: key sequence features controlling mRNA deadenylation and decay.

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4611-4621 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Xu ◽  
C Y Chen ◽  
A B Shyu
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Decay Kinetics ◽  
Close Proximity

Regulation of cytoplasmic deadenylation has a direct impact on the fate of mRNA and, consequently, its expression in the cytoplasm. AU-rich elements (AREs) found in the 3' untranslated regions of many labile mRNAs are the most common RNA-destabilizing elements known in mammalian cells. AREs direct accelerated deadenylation as the first step in mRNA turnover. Recently we have proposed that AREs can be divided into three different classes. mRNAs bearing either the class I AUUUA-containing ARE or the class III non-AUUUA ARE display synchronous poly(A) shortening, whereas class II ARE-containing mRNAs are deadenylated asynchronously, with the formation of poly(A)- intermediates. In this study, we have systematically characterized the deadenylation kinetics displayed by various AREs and their mutant derivatives. We find that a cluster of five or six copies of AUUUA motifs in close proximity forming various degrees of reiteration is the key feature that dictates the choice between processive versus distributive deadenylation. An AU-rich region 20 to 30 nucleotides long immediately 5' to this cluster of AUUUA motifs can greatly enhance the destabilizing ability of the AUUUA cluster and is, therefore, an integral part of the class I and class II AREs. These two features are the defining characteristics of class II AREs. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that the pentanucleotide AUUUA, rather than the nonamer UUAUUUA(U/A)(U/A), is both an essential and the minimal sequence motif of AREs. Our study provides the groundwork for future characterization of ARE-binding proteins identified by in vitro gel shift assays in order to stringently define their potential role in the ARE-mediated decay pathway. Moreover, transformation of deadenylation kinetics from one type to the other by mutations of AREs implies the existence of cross talk between the ARE and 3' poly(A) tail, which dictates the decay kinetics.

scholarly journals Characterization of phylogenetically distant members of the adenylate cyclase family from mycobacteria: Rv1647 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its orthologue ML1399 from M. leprae

2005 ◽  
Vol 387 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash R. SHENOY ◽  
Nandini P. SREENATH ◽  
Mohana MAHALINGAM ◽  
Sandhya S. VISWESWARIAH
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Expression And Purification ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
High Concentrations

Analysis of the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv has identified 16 genes that are similar to the mammalian adenylate and guanylate cyclases. Rv1647 was predicted to be an active adenylate cyclase but its position in a phylogenetically distant branch from the other enzymes characterized so far from M. tuberculosis makes it an interestingly divergent nucleotide cyclase to study. In agreement with its divergence at the sequence level from other nucleotide cyclases, the cloning, expression and purification of Rv1647 revealed differences in its biochemical properties from the previously characterized Rv1625c adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase activity of Rv1647 was activated by detergents but was resistant to high concentrations of salt. Mutations of substrate-specifying residues to those present in guanylate cyclases failed to convert the enzyme into a guanylate cyclase, and did not alter its oligomeric status. Orthologues of Rv1647 could be found in M. leprae, M. avium and M. smegmatis. The orthologue from M. leprae (ML1399) was cloned, and the protein was expressed, purified and shown biochemically to be an adenylate cyclase, thus representing the first adenylate cyclase to be described from M. leprae. Importantly, Western-blot analysis of subcellular fractions from M. tuberculosis and M. leprae revealed that the Rv1647 and ML1399 gene products respectively were expressed in these bacteria. Additionally, M. tuberculosis was also found to express the Rv1625c adenylate cyclase, suggesting that multiple adenylate cyclase proteins may be expressed simultaneously in this organism. These results suggest that class III cyclase-like gene products probably have an important role to play in the physiology and perhaps the pathology of these medically important bacteria.

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